168 
ILLUSTRATIONS OP THE GENUS CAREX. 
sessilibus; fruetibus (a larvis) ssepissime inflato-degeneratis; 
glumis obtusis.” 
He remarks :—“ Ex hac serie formarum judicari potest, quam 
sit polvmorpha hac alpibus maxime proprie species. Jam in iis 
Caricum speciebus, quarum distributio regionibus meridionalibus 
ad summum septentrionem valde est extensa ( G. ampullacea, C. 
vesicaria, G. aquatilis, etc.), earumque formis primariis propo- 
nendis, probare conati sumus, quanta sit vis climatis varietatis e 
locorum indole diversa procreandi notabilis. Stationum enim 
subalpinarum perigonioram et herbse magis faventium incola, luxu- 
riantes evadnnt partes omnes {inferalpina), in locis aridis parce 
graminosis alpium magis contethitur planta ( saxatilis ), donee in 
cacuminibus perflatis et sterilissimis alpium humilior et obesior 
exstat (glacialis). Per loca regionum alpestrium Scandinavise 
fere omnia arida ant aquis stagnantibus repleta, bumo fere denu- 
data aut graminibus densissimis vestita et in societate ceterarum 
Caricum borealinm (prsesertim G. aquatilis, O. turfosce, et G. li- 
mulce) tam late frequentissime occurrens, necesse est hsee species 
mirum in modum variat, et formis numerosis et intricate incon- 
stans videatur. Qui legem hybriditatis jucundam et commodam 
amant, vel in speciebus novis quam plurimis ex differentiis (‘ eba- 
racteribus ’) perexiguis proponendis summam capessunt lastitiam, 
iis campus vastissimus bic patet. Credo tamen neminem in hac 
varietatum, affinitatum et formarum turba infinita Ordinem redi- 
gere posse, nisi qui plantas locis suis natalibus sedulo perscrutans 
et omni sententia prsejudicata solutus, naturam sequi sibi proposi- 
tum babet.” 
Yar. elytroides; spiculis atro-purpureis contiguis erec- 
tis, masculis 1-2 cylindricis, femineis 2-3 infima clavata 
subsessili; bracteis culmo brevioribus, auriculis rotundis 
discretis; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis ovabbus vel ob- 
ovatis stipitatis rostellatis, ore integro vel subemarginato, 
granulatis superne ad margines parce denticulatis, utrin- 
que nervatis, squama obtusa vel acuta atro-purpurea 
nervo pallido lineolis pellucidis notata subsequilata bre¬ 
vioribus vel paulo longioribus.—C. elytroides, Fries, 
Sum. 232 ; Anders. 52, t. 5, /. 48 ; Lange, 81 ; Steud. 
210. (Tab. HLXIII.) 
Hab. “ Ad littora marina Hollandiae, Suecise austra¬ 
lis,” Fries. , 
This form is described by all the above authorities as having a 
nerveless perigynium and one male spicula; and by Pries and 
Andersson with a smooth , and by Lange with a rough, culm. I 
have two specimens from Pries with 1-2 male spiculm, a distinctly- 
nerved perigynium, and a rough culm. Pries describes the 
squamm as obtuse or mucronate. 
In North America there is an analogous form, which I have 
from Tuckerman and Nuttall, from Cambridge, and which has 
some characters common to the G. ccespitosa, Brown, from New 
Holland (the O. Gaudichaudiana, Kunth) :— 
Yar. spiculis 4-5 rarius 3-6, masculis 1-2 ferrugineis, 
femineis viridi-purpureis oblongis vel cylindricis conti¬ 
guis sessilibus, superioribus 1-3 ssepe apice masculis, 
infima subinde basi attenuate clavata subremota brevi 
pedunculata; bractea culmo breviore, auriculis parvis 
discretis ; stigmatibus 2 rarius 3 ; perigyniis late ovali- 
bus vel subrotundis stipitatis plano-convexis vel (angulo 
centrali postico) subtriquetris rostellatis, ore integro sgepe 
ciliato, utrinque nervatis pallidis demum ferrugineo-punc- 
tato granulatis rarissime superne ad margines parce denti¬ 
culatis, squama obtusa vel acuta apice subinde ciliolata 
vel mucronata pellucide lineata purpurea, nervo viridi 
latioribus plerumque longioribus. 
Culmus apice scaber. Perigynium 1 -f-f (Y lin. longum, 
A~to bn- latum, nervis validis, paucioribus vel pluribus. 
Achenium 1 lin. longum, f 6 lin. latum, ovatum, lenticu- 
lare, vel insequaliter triquetrum, angulo centrali postico, fusco- 
brunneum ; perigyniis inferior ibus nunc proliferis. 
3 with 3 spikes. 14 with 1 male. 8 with 2 female. 
10 „ 4 8 „ 2 9 „ 3 
8 ,, 5 1 ,, 4 6 ,, 4 
2 „ 6 
Superioribus 1-3 apice masculis. 
Yar. tricostata ; spica subelongata viridi-purpurea, e 
spiculis 4-6 oblongis, masculis 2-3 (vel 4 sec. Fries) 
purpureis sessilibus, femineis 2—4 viridi-purpureis erectis 
densifloris obtusis alternatim subremotis sessilibus vel 
infima breve pedunculata summa subinde apice mascula; 
bractea foliacea, culmum subsequante, auriculis rotunda- 
tis discretis; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis ovalibus vel ellip- 
tico-ovatis plano-convexis stipitatis obtusis brevissime 
vel vix rostellatis, ore purpureo integro vel emarginato, 
pallide viridibus adpressis octofariam imbricatis triner- 
vibus, squama ovata obtusa vel acuta purpurea, nervo 
pallido lineolis pellucidis notata latioribus longioribus.— 
C. tricostata, Fries, Mant, 3, 152, 202, et Sum. 220 ; 
Anders. 45, t. 5,/. 55; Lange, 80; Steud. 216. C. 
acuta, /3. minor, FI. Foss. 313. (Tab. DLXIV.) 
Hab. In Europa.—Sweden and Finland. 
Culmus 3-pedalis; pars spicigera 3-7 poll, longa. Folia 
1 i-2 lin. lata; culmea eo breviora, inferiora brevia; sterilia 
culmum superantia, plana, flaccida, pallide viridia. Bractece 
foliacege, infima nunc culmum paulo superans; superiores 
spiculas longiores angustae. Spicules subpollicares; feminece 
2 lin. late. Perigynium (immaturum) (cum stipite tVttw bn. 
longo) 1 t VA> lm- longum, lin. latum. 
The inflorescence is that of O. vulgaris, and the foliage that of 
its variety juncella. The perigynium in my specimens is too 
young to exhibit the nerves distinctly, but I think they are occa¬ 
sionally more than three. Tries remarks of it, “ Spicse fere O. 
vulgaris, herba C. aquatilis, sed folia inferiora brevissima et 
pauca.” Andersson says, “ Inter C. aquatilem acutam et vulgarem 
media.” Lange says, “ Tolia tandem flaccida a C. aquatili hanc 
longe removent et arete cum G. acuta conjungunt.” 
The specimens figured are from Tries. 
Sw. juncella, Fries, Sum. 230 ; Andersson, 48. Var. 
juncea, Fries, Mant. 3, 154. Var .elatior, Lange, 76.— 
C. aquatilis, var. nardifolia, Wahl. FI. Lapp. 246, fide 
spec, e Wahl. {Herb. JBoott). C. angustifolia, Smith, 
Eng. FI. 127. (Tab. DLXY.) 
Hab. In Europa.—Lapland to England. 
Dense emspitosa; culrnis foliisque planis et convolutis, 
elongatis; inflorescentia et spiculis et squamis pellucide li- 
neatis; perigyniisque ut in forma typica. 
The specimen figured, identical in every respect with others 
from Tries, is from Esher, Surrey, sent to me by Mr. Hewet C. 
"Watson. I have it also from Wales, found near the Menai 
Bridge by the late Mr. Bowman. 
Var. teres; spiculis sesquipollicaribus acutis, femineis 
teretibus angustis, superioribus vel omnibus apice mas¬ 
culis; perigyniis parvis ovalibus subplano-convexis ner¬ 
vatis obconico-stipitatis, ore subemarginato denticulato, 
squama ovata pellucide (vel vix) lineata longioribus vel 
subaequantibus. 
