ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
169 
Hab. In Europa.—Ostrogothland, Tuclcerman. Mos¬ 
cow, Fischer. Germany, Beichenbach, t. 228, f. b et c. 
This variety approaches the G. ccespitosa, L. The lower squamae 
are long and acute, the upper shorter, obtuse, and, in the Swedish 
specimens are without pellucid lines. 
Perigynium x 9 x lin. longum, x 5 x lin. latum, or 1 Ay lin. longum, 
-Ag- lin. latum. Achenium Ao bn. longum, lin. latum, 
biconvexum; stylo curvato. 
Yar. hyperborea ( limula ) ; spica atro-purpurea, e spi- 
culis 4 cylindricis graciiibus erectis, terminali mascula, 
femineis 1-2, superioribus apice masculis, infhna breve 
pedunculata; bractea culmum subaequante, ligula auri- 
culata rotundata; stigmatibus 2 (sec Fries 2-3); peri- 
gyniis (1^- lin. longis, -po bn. latis) ellipticis compressis 
minime rostellatis, ore integro purpnreo, obscure nervatis 
granulatis, squamam oblongam obtusam fusco-purpuream 
margine hyalinam, nervo pallido impunctatam vel lineolis 
pellucidis paucis notatam sequantibus.—0. limula, Fries, 
Sum. 229; Anders, 47, t. 5,/. 53; Lange, 77 ; Steud. 
214. C. aquatilis, /3, FI. Boss. 312. (Tab. DLXVI.) 
Hab. In Lapponia. 
I have figured two authentic Lapland specimens, and one from 
the Menai Bridge. 
n. 1. Lapland, from Fries. “ O. limula.” 
n. 2. Lapland, from Wahlenberg, given by him to Tuckerman 
as “ O. acuta-ripensis, Lsestad.” 
n. 3. Menai Bridge, "Wales, from Mr. Bowman. 
The Lapland specimens are not mature, and the nerves of the 
perigynia are consequently not distinct. Though I can see no 
characters to separate it from G. vulgaris, —to which the Welsh 
plant, agreeing in habit, evidently belongs,—I think it best to 
refer it to G. rigida, var. hyperborea, in which three stigmas are 
often found. Andersson says of it, “ Est, quantum e speciminibus 
paucis exsiccatis judicare licet, ad G. rigidam, aquatilem, et acutam 
maxime accedeus. Omnium tamen G. hyperborea (Carex, quam 
‘ C. acuta-ripensis' inscriptam misit Lsestadius, extis duabus (G. 
hyperborea et G. rigida ) composita), vel potius C. acutce maxime 
affinis.” 
Fries, Andersson, and Lange place it in their group Aquatiles, 
remote from the Bigidoe ; and in FI. Ross, it is considered a va¬ 
riety of G. aquatilis, —so embarrassing is it in this protean group 
for different observers to affix specific names to specimens so con¬ 
stantly varying. Lange attempts to distinguish it from C. hyper¬ 
borea and G. aquatilis, “ culmo scaberrimo,” a character certainly 
not applicable to the Lapland specimens I have figured. 
Yar. Gaudichaudiana; spica glauco-purpurea, e spi- 
culis 3-6 ovatis oblongis vel cylindraceis, masculis 1-2, 
femineis 2-4 evaginatis, superioribus vel omnibus ssepe 
apice masculis contiguis sessilibus vel inferioribus re- 
raotis pedunculatis, infhna basi attenuata subinde radicali; 
bracteis inferioribus culmo brevioribus vel multum longio¬ 
ribus, ligula oblonga,; stigmatibus 2 rarius 3; perigyniis 
ovatis vel lanceolatis rostellatis, ore integro vel emargi- 
nato rarius bifido, plus minus nervatis stipitatis compres¬ 
sis glaucis punctis resinosis demum ferrugineis obsitis, 
squama oblonga obtusa vel subacuta rarius mucronata 
purpurea, margine anguste albida, nervo pallido latioribus 
longioribus.-—-C. Gaudichaudiana, Kunth, 417 ; Steudel, 
212. C.ceespitosa, Proivn, Prod. 243. (Tab.DLXVII.) 
Hab. In Australia, Tasmania, Nov. Zelandia, Japonia. 
—Port Jackson, Brown. Victoria, Robertson, Muller. 
Hunter’s River, Wilkes {Herb. Gray). Tasmania : Lake 
St. Clair; Marlborough, Gunn; Archer. New Zea¬ 
land : Otago, Lindsay. Japan : Hakodadi, Wright 
{LLerb. Gray). 
Stolonifera. Culmus 2-24 pollices altus, gracilis, obtusan- 
gulus, nisi inter spiculas leevis, vel acutangulus scaber; pars 
spicigera 2-6 poll, longa, vel lougior. Folia 1-2 lin. lata; 
culmo longiora, plana, vel exsiccata plerumque basi condupli- 
cata. Bractece (nisi subinde infhna radicalis) evaginatre, infe- 
riores nunc culmum superantes vel eo breviores, infima rarius 
15 poll, longa. Ligula oblonga, punctata. Pedunculus |-3 
poll, longus. Spiculce masculce \-2 poll, longse, sub lineam 
latse; feminece 3 lin.-21 poll, longse, 2—4 lin. latse. Squama 
confermes, rarius pellucide lineatae, mucronatseque. Perigynium 
ovatum, Ipo— tV, vel ovato-lanceolatum, 2-2i% lin. longum, 
-A-o-l-JL lin. latum, ore vel integro denticulato vel emarginato 
(rarius bifido, laciniis scabris), nervis pluribus vel paucioribus 
validis, glauco-viride, plano-convexiusculum, demum ferrugi- 
neum, resinoso-punctatum. Achenium ovale, ~ lin. longum, 
lin. latum; vel orbiculatum, X 6 X lin. longum, latumque; 
plano-convexiusculum, rarius triquetrum, ferrugineum, punc- 
tulatum, stipitatum ; basi styli sequali. Stigmata 2, rarius 3. 
In specimens from Hunter’s River, Australia, from Captain 
Wilkes (Herb. Gray), and from N. England, Australia, Stuart in 
Herb. Hooker, I observe three stigmata. Those from Tasmania, 
from Gunn in Herb.Hooker, vary remarkably in size; some from 
Lake St. Clair with normal perigynia only two inches in height, 
and others with a distinctly bifid orifice. 
In 62 specimens, I find— 
15 with 3 spikes. 
39 with 1 male. 
2 with 1 female, 
25 „ 4 
23 „ 2 
20 „ 2 
19 „ 5 
CO 
05 
cq 
3 „ 6 
11 „ 4 
In 8 of the female spikes the upper one, in 9 the two upper 
ones, and in 18 all were male at top. In the 27 other specimens 
all of them were female. 
Yar. intricata ; spica purpurea, e spiculis 3-4 oblongis, 
terminali mascula, femineis 2-3 infima longiuscule pe¬ 
dunculata ; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis orbiculatis vel el¬ 
lipticis rostellatis, ore integro, obscure nervatis ferrugineo- 
punctulatis, squama obtusa pellucide lineata brevioribus. 
—C. intricata, Tineo, PI. Sic.; Gussone, Syn. 574; Par- 
latore, Ltal. 185 ; Pertol. 127. 
Hab. In Sicilia, in nemoribus montosis. 
Gay (Ann. Sc. Nat.), in speaking of G. Goodenoivii, says, “ E 
terris quas mare Mediterraneum lambit nondum nisi ex montibus 
Corsicis missam vidi, neque ullam ejus mentionem in Floris His- 
panise interioris, Italia et Grecise aut Barbarise factum vidi.” 
Bertolini inserts it in his FI. Italise, and Tchihatcheff in his list of 
the plants of Asia Minor, “in Tauri Pontici pratis.” 
Var. turfosa : spiculis 3-5 fusco-purpureis erectis, 
masculis 1-2, femineis 2-4 angustis cylindricis, superio¬ 
ribus approximatis sessilibus infima subremota; bractea 
culmum sequante vel eo breviore; stigmatibus 2 ; peri¬ 
gyniis plano-convexis, stipitatis obovatis vel orbiculatis 
abrupte rostellatis vel elliptico-ovatis vel lanceolatis sen- 
sim rostellatis, ore integro denticulato, granulatis nerva¬ 
tis, squama fusco-purpurea obtusa vel acuta lineolis pel¬ 
lucidis notata nervo pallido latioribus longioribus vel 
brevioribus.—C. turfosa, Fries, Sum. 228 ; Andersson, 43, 
t. 6,/. 68; Lange, 72; Steud. 211. 
Hab. In Sweden, Fries. 
