170 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
Radix stolonifera, repens ; foliis angustis, vaginis ad mar¬ 
gin es basi obscure fibrillosis. Perigynium 1 lin. longum, T e ir 
lin. latum, vel L, 3 - 0 - lin. longum, T 7 H lin. latum, obovatum; vel 
1 lin. longum, T 8 (T lin. latum, orbiculatum; vel 1 T *_— r \- lin. 
longum, -pQ- lin. latum, elliptico-ovatum; vel 1/„ lin. longum, 
to lin- latum, elliptico-lanceolatum ; plus minus nervatum, ut 
in forma typica. 
This form is described as having ovate and nerveless perigynia, 
though Andersson qualifies his expression “fructibus enervibus ” 
in the specific character by remarking, in the subjoined obser¬ 
vations, “frucius tenuissime nervoso-striati, interdum exsicca 
tione subcostati.” He very correctly describes the perigynium 
of C. vulgaris (typica) “ nervibus plus minusve striatum,” which 
is more true to nature than the unqualified expression of Fries, 
in his Mant. 3, of “ fructibus multmervibus.” It is of some im¬ 
portance to note the variable nervation of O. vulgaris, as it bears 
upon the question of its connection with C. rigicla and C. tri- 
costata. 
The following names are referable to 0. vulgaris, rigida, stricta, 
or ccespitosa, judging from the descriptions of Steudel. I have 
not seen specimens of them :—■ 
0. cerina, Dunn, Steud. 212. Holland. 
C. decolorans, Wim., Steud. 211. Silesia. 
C. malaena, Wim., Steud. 211. Silesia. 
C. Dacica, Heaff., Steud. 212. Hungary. 
C. Reuteriana, Boiss., Steud. 211. Port 
Spain. 
C. Kotschyi, Boiss., Steud. 211. Persia. 
G. semulans, Lieb., Steud. 212. Denmark. ) 
C. tumida, Beil., Steud. 211. Silesia. 
C. macra, Steud., Steud. 212. Silesia. 
C. gracilis, Wim., Steud. 212. Silesia. 
C. spreta, Steud., Steud. 212. Saxony. 
0. neglecta, Peter., Steud. 212. Saxony. 
C. \\omo\oc.wc^a,Peter.,Steud.212. Saxony. 
0. reticulosa, Peter., Steud. 212. Saxony. ) 
C. Fridrichsthaliana, Steud. 212. Greenland 
C. vulgaris ? or 
rigida. 
C. ccespitosa, L. ?, or 
stricta. 
The specimens figured are,— 
Tab. DDVII. 
n. 1. From England. The typical form. 
n. 2. A small form (Germany), from Reichenbach. 
Tab. DLYIII. One specimen with the gall of some insect at 
base ( J,Woodford). 
Tab. DLIX. 
n. 1. From Moscow, from Fischer, and n. 2 from Ostrogotb- 
land, from Tuckerman , of the var. teres. 
n. 3. Cambridge, North America. With stigmas 2 and 3. 
n. 4. From Sartwell, Exs. n. 52. 
n. 5. Prom Cambridge. The “ 0. acuta , Tuck. 
Tab. DLX. From Cambridge, H. S. A., with stigmas 2-3, and 
the perigynium occasionally proliferous. 
Tab. DLXI. 
n. 1. The “ G. stolonifera ,” Hoppe, 
n. 2. From the Swiss Alps, 
n. 3. The C. intricata, Tineo, from Parlatore. 
n. 4. Iceland, Dr. Rae. Probably a form of the C. anguillata 
of Drejer. 
n. 5. The C. antucensis, Kunze. From Cbiloe, Gay. 
Tab. DLXII. The “C. turfosa ,” Fries, Sweden. From himself. 
Tab. DLXIII. The “ C. elytroides ,” Fries, Sweden. From 
himself. 
Tab. DLXIV. The “ G. tricostata ,” Fries, Sweden. From 
himself. 
Tab. DLXY. The var. juncella, Fries. From Esher, Watson. 
Tab. DLXVI. The “ O. limula,” Fries. 
Tab. DLXVII. C. Gaudichaudiana, Kunth. Tasmania. 
Tab. DLXYIII. 
n. 1. The copy of Goodenough’s figure of “ C. rigida ,” from 
the Linn. Trans, 
The other specimens and the details from the Scotch Alps. 
Tab. DLXIX. From Fugleness, Norway. Stigmas 2, and 
nerveless perigynium. 
Tab. DLXX. From Fugleness. The stigmas 2 and 3; peri¬ 
gynium nerved. All the specimens from the late 
Mr. Christie, and representing the “ C. hyperborea, 
Drejer.” 
Tab. DLXXI. and DLXXII. From the White Mountains, 
New Hampshire, H. S. A. 
Tab. DLXXIII. The “ G. rigida, var. infra-alpina ,” Fries. 
Sweden. From Fries, with stigmas 2 and 3. 
Tab. DLXXIY. A similar form. The White Mountains, 
U.S. A. 
Tab. DLXXV. The “‘O. orbicularis, Boott.” From the Hi¬ 
malayas. Stigmas 2 and 3, with nerved perigynium. 
397. C. physodes (Bieberstein); spica ovata vel ob- 
longa densa castanea, e spiculis 3—6 apice masculis con- 
gestis; bractea cuspidata brevi; stigmatibus 2; perigy- 
niis maximis globosis vel ellipticis insigniter inflatis 
abrapte rostellatis, ore hyalino acute bifido nervatis cas- 
taneis lucidis glabris, squama ovata acuta cuspidata cas- 
tauea margine late albo-byalina multum latioribus lon- 
gioribus.—C. pliysodes, Biebst. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 
2, 104, t. 7 (1809); Claus. Ind. Bes. in Gobel. It. 2, 
315; Kunth, 376 ; Ivar. et Kir. En. PI. Sonporice ; Bull. 
Soc. Imp. Mosc. (1842); FI. Boss. 274; Steud. 187. 
(Tab. DLXXVI.-DLXXVII.) 
Hab. In Asia. — “ Dans les vastes steppes entre le 
Wolga et l’Oural,” Biebst. Sibiria Altaica, FI. Boss. 
Afghanistan, Griffith. 
Culmus -pedalis, obtusangulus, Levis, basi vaginis fo- 
liorum marcidis densis tectus. Folia -g-f lin. lata, sgepe in¬ 
volute)-filiformia; culmo breviora. Bractea infima e basi 
squamaeformi, margine hyalina, plus minus cuspidata, spiculam 
nunc superans. Spica 6-15 lin. longa, 6-8 liu. lata. Spiculat 
apice dosculis masculis pluribus, basi femineis 3-4 insignibus 
instructs. Squamae masculce lanceolatge, angustse. Perigynium 
globosum ; sub 4 lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, vel ellipticum, 8 lin. 
longum, 4 lin. latum. Achenium 1 -f-2 lin. longum, l-, 3 ,,— ( S B - 
lin. latum, orbiculatum vel ovale, compressum, pallidum ; basi 
styli incrassata. 
As the volume of the Moscow Transactions in which this re¬ 
markable species was first described and figured by Bieberstein is 
rare, from having been destroyed at the burning of Moscow, I 
have had the figure of it carefully copied from the volume in the 
library of the Royal Society, the only one existing in this country, 
and I subjoin the description of Bieberstein :— 
“ Spica androgyna, composita, ovata, spiculis superioribus mere 
masculis, inferioribus superue masculis ; stigmatibus 2 ; fructibus 
inflatis, globosis, ore obsolete bidentatis.” 
“ Radix per arenam valde repens, fibrisque copiosis firmata, nigri¬ 
cans. Culmi cum foliorum fasciculo e radicis nodis per intervalla 
egredientes, antequam ex arena emergant, ad uonnullarum uncia- 
rum longitudinem, foliorum prseteritorum aunorum rudimeutis 
dilute fuscis uitidis vestiti; inde nudi, erecti, circiter pedales, gra- 
ciles, trigoni, striati Iseves luteo-virides sicut folia. Folia culmo 
breviora, lineam circiter lata, longe acuminata, carinata margine re- 
trorsum scabra; ligula brevissima, obtusa, albida. Spica ovata, 
compacta, uucialis. Bractefe glumis substantia coloreque consi- 
miles, singulse sub quavis spicula, infima longior magisque acumi¬ 
nata, superiores dect'escentes. SpiculiB confertse, ovatae, in apice 
spicee mere maseul8e,inferiores basi femineae apice masculee. Glumae 
masculce lanceolatae, aeuminatse, sature rulm, nitidae, margine pras- 
sertim apicis byalino ; feminece breviores latioresque subovatse cum 
acumine, fructu multoties minores. Stamina 3, filamentis capil- 
laribus, gluma longioribus ; antheris linearibus, bilocularibus, 
