176 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
Culmus 2-3-pedalis, triqueter, firmus, apice scabriusculus, 
inter spiculas scaberrimus, basi vaginis reticulato-fissis teetus ; 
pars spicigera 10-15 poll, longa. Folia 2^-4 lin. lata. Bractece 
evagiiiatse, infima subinde 2^ pedes longa, proxima pedalis, 
summa brevis, setacea. Peclunculus infimus 2| poll, longus. 
Auriculce integral, truncatse, purpurese. Spiculce masculce 1-2, 
terminalis 2-21 poll, longa, 3 lin. lata, altera sessilis pollicaris. 
Spiculce feminece 2-3| poll, longse, 3-4-r lin. latse, inter se 1-4<| 
poll, remotse, suprema sessilis, reliquse longe pedunculatse; 
inferiores basi subattenuatse, infima squama sterili 1-2, mediam 
partem pedunculi occupante. Squamae omnes ciliatse, plus 
minus hispido-aristatse j feminece inferiores arista longiori, 
perigynio longiores, superiores eo breviores. Perigynium 
ovale, 2Ao lin- longum, 1-1-fV lin. latum, vel suborbiculatum, 
l T 8 o—j®o lin. longum, 1—1—V lin. latum, plus minus distincte 
nervatum ad margines parce dentatum, iiavidum, demum fer- 
rugineum, spongiosum. Achenium 1 lin. longum, T 7 o' lin. 
latum, ovatum, fusco-olivaceum. 
A C. Jamesii, Torr., differt culmo altiore; spiculis longio- 
ribus ; squamis omnibus hispido-aristatis, apice ciliatis ; peri- 
gyniis margine dentatis; acbenio ovato ; bracteis inferioribus 
longissimis; auriculis truncatis, integris. 
A C. Sitchensi, Pres., differt spiculis erectis, masculis 1-2 ; 
perigyniis majoribus, compressis, bifidis, nervatis; squamis 
ciliatis angustioribus, magis aristatis, ferrugineis; bractea in¬ 
fima longiori. 
Variat culmo gracili; foliis angustis; spiculis minoribus, 
vix pollicaribus ; squamis subinde muticis vel hispido-mucro- 
natis, masculis inferioribus obtusis, nervo in superioribus 
solum producto; perigyniis ellipticis, subinde enerviis, glabris 
vel abrupte rostro tenui cylindrico vel sensim rostro latiori 
conico apiculatum, ore nunc subintegro vel bifido. 
The specimen figured is that from St. Barbara (Nuttall, in 
Herb. Hooker), with n. 1, perigynia from Wilkes’ specimen, and 
n. 2, from that of Hartweg; and the description is taken chiefly 
from Wilkes’ specimen, in which the squamae have the longer 
aristae. Several of the specimens I have quoted are not mature. 
In one of Wilkes’, the spiculse are only 9-12 lin. long, and 7-8 
Jin. remote. In another, the perigynia ( immature ) are elliptic, 
gradually tapering into a conical apex; one of Whipple’s is like 
it in these respects. In Coulter’s and Thurber’s, the lower male 
squamse are obtuse, the nerve only produced in the upper ones. 
But in all the squamse are ciliate, with a rough mucro, and the 
perigynia sessile (in which respect they differ from G. decidua , B.), 
and occasionally sparsely toothed at the margin. Future obser¬ 
vation must determine whether the present plant differs from 
C. Jamesii, Torr., when that species is better known; and from 
C. Sitchensis, with which Mr. Brewer found it growing in a salt 
marsh at San Francisco. 
413. C. Thouarsii (Carmichael); spica oblonga viridi- 
ferruginea, e spiculis 5-6 erectis clensifloris contiguis 
sessilibus, terminali mascula ferruginea cylindrica, reli- 
quis femineis vel apice masculis ovatis vel oblongis, 
superioribus congestis, infima remota incluse pecluncu- 
lata ; bracteis culmum longe superantibus, infima vagi- 
nata; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovalibus longe cylin- 
drico-rostratis, rostro ad margines scabro compresso, 
ventricosis bidentatis, ore postice oblique secto, nervatis 
rnembranaceis ferrugineo-punctatis, squama ovata sub- 
acuta ssepe emarginata apice ciliata hispido-aristata 
tenui punctis pallide ferrugineis notata, nervo viridi, lon- 
gioribus.—C. Thouarsii, Gann. Linn. Trans. 12, 508 
(1818). “ Car ex spicis confertis,” etc., Aub. du Let. 
Thouars, in ‘ Melanges de Botanique,’ p. 36. (Tab. 
DXCY.) 
TIab. In ins. Tristan d’Acunha, Carmichael. 
Culmus 15-pollicaris, acute triqueter, rigidus, lsevis, basi 
foliatus ; pars spicas gerens 3-6 poll, longa. Folia 2-2 ^ lin. 
lata, culmo longiora, glauca, rigida, carinata, marginibus re- 
volutis. Bractece 3-4, inferiores culmum longe super? utes, 
infima vaginata, inferiores 2; steriles remotse, longe vaginatse. 
Spiculce 9—12 lin. longse, mascula 2 lin., reliquse 3-5 lin. 
latse, infima 1-3 poll, remota. Vagina |-1 poll, longa. 
Squamce conformes. Perigynium 2- V lin. longum, 1 
lin. latum, ore postice oblique secto. Achenium -f- lin. 
longum, T s fS lin. latum, obovatum, insequaliter triquetrum, 
basi styli curvata apiculatum, pallidum. 
A C. Borbonica differt spiculis brevioribus, erectis, pallidis, 
ssepe apice masculis, sessilibus ; bracteis longioribus ; perigy¬ 
niis bidentatis, postice oblique sectis, squamis ovatis latioribus. 
414. C. ternaria (Foster); spicis pluribus (15-24) 
cylindricis pedunculatis pendulis evaginatis fusco-pur- 
pureis, masculis 1-6, inferioribus genrinatis, femineis 
8-18 genrinatis ternatis quaternatis etiam quinatis, vel 
infima singula plus minus prsecipue superioribus apice 
masculis; bracteis inferioribus brevissimis; stigmatibus 
2 ; perigyniis subrotundo-ovatis, ovalibus vel obovatis 
erostribus vel rostellatis, ore emarginato laevi vel integro 
ciliato, nervatis punctis ferrugineis obsitis apice granu- 
latis, squama ovata vel oblonga truncata vel emarginata 
rarius acuta hispido-aristata purpurea medio viridi ner- 
vata brevioribus. —C. ternaria, Forster, Prod. n. 549 ; 
Hook.f. FI. Antarct. 89 ; FI. N. Zeal. 282. C. geminata, 
Sch/c. f. 7 5 ; Wahl. Act. 160 ; Willcl. 249 ; Kunth, 418; 
Steud. 206. C. polystachya, Rich. Voy. Astrolab. Ill, 
t. 21. (Tab. DXCVI.-DXCVIII.) 
Var. /3. minor; spicis paucioribus brevibus. (Tab. 
DXCYII.) 
Hab. In Nova Zelandia.—Lord Auckland’s group, 
Dr. LLooher. 
Culmus 2-4-pedalis, triqueter, validus, scaber; pars spicas 
gerens ssepe sesquipedalis. Folia 4-5 lin. lata, culmo lon¬ 
giora. Bractece inferiores 2-3-pedales, infima subinde vagi¬ 
nata. Auricula atro-purpurea, amplectens vel discreta. Pe¬ 
dunculi imequales, ligulati, scabri, infimus subinde pedalis. 
Spiculce masculce 1|-2| poll, longse, 1-2 lin. latse, singulse 
vel inferiores geminatse. Spicce feminece 2-6 poll, longse, 2-3 
lin. latse, infima ssepe 6-8 poll, remota. Squamce conformes. 
Perigynium 1-V— do h n - longum, TV lin. latum. Achenium 
lin. longum, lin. latum, ovale, lenticulare, basi styli 
apiculatum. 
This species varies in size, in the form of the squamae, the 
degree of roughness on their arista, in the perigynium being eros- 
tate with a smooth emarginate orifice, or rostellate with an en¬ 
tire ciliate orifice. The colour of the perigynium is olivaceous or 
ferrugineous, varying in the number of its nerves and iu its forms, 
partly depending on age. In the specimen figured (Tab. 
DXOVI.) there was a white spongy nerveless coat investing 
the normal achenium, conforming to the inner surface of the pe¬ 
rigynium, hut not adherent to either, the nature of which is pro¬ 
blematical. M. Spach, who first called my attention to it, was 
inclined to consider it a double perigynium ; but Mr. Berkeley, 
in a note to me, says, “ It is undoubtedly some fungus in a young 
state, as it abounds in oil globules, possibly some species of Hy- 
pocrea. It is curious how exactly it simulates an arillus, hut the 
structure is that of a fungus.” 
415. C, rubella (Boott); spica composita capitulata, 
