178 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
gestis vel ovatis apice masculis, inferioribus ovatis femineis 
vel apice vel basi vel apice et basi masculis simplicibus 
vel infimis compositis subincle cliscretis; bracteis inferi¬ 
oribus cuspidatis spiculas ssepe vel infima spicam super¬ 
antibus ; stigmatibus 2 ; perigyniis orbiculatis vel ovato- 
lanceolatis plerumque sensim rostratis bifidis compressis 
plano-convexiusculis utrinque valide nervatis stramineis 
plus minus late alatis, squama ovato-lanceolata acuminata 
cuspiclata angustioribus brevioribus vel latioribus longi- 
oribus.—C. arenaria, L. Sp. PI.; Wald. Act. 144; Good, 
Linn. Trans, ii. 153 ; Wittd. 223; Sc/d. f. 6 ; Kunth, 
376 ; /Eng. Pot. t. 928 ; Smith, Eng. FI. 85 ; Prof. 61; 
Koch, 865; Anders. 68, t. 3. f. 16; Lang. 32; Peich. 
t. 209; FI. Poss. 273; Cop. et Germ. 593; Gren. et 
Godr. 391 ; Steud. 189; Penthi. 560. C. spadicea, Gilib. 
( Lc. ined. DCIL DCVI. in Herb. Kew.) 
Yar. /3. depauperata. 
Yar. y. castanea. 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, in arenosis maritimis praecipue. 
—Norway, Sweden to Lisbon. Tauria, Ural, Baikal (Ft. 
Poss.). —/3. Bavaria, in pratis humidis.— y. (Elandia, 
France, Colchis, Tauria, Caucasus. 
Rhizoma lignosum, cylindricum, longe repens, squamosum, 
culmos solitarios vel fasciculatos foliaque fasciculata per inter¬ 
valla edens. Culmus 5-16-pollicaris, gracilis, triqueter, scaber, 
basi rudimentis foliorum pallidis arete vestitus, apice szepe 
incurvus. Folia involuta, filiformia, vel canaliculato-plana, 
1-2 lin. lata, rigida, apice attenuata, curvata, culmo ssepe lon- 
giora, fasciculato-divergentia. Bractece e basi ovato-lanceo¬ 
lata plus minus cuspidatse. Spica ovata vel cylindrica, 1-3 
poll, longa, 6-8 lin. lata, e spiculis omnibus congestis simpli¬ 
cibus vel inferioribus discretis compositis quasi lobatis. Spi¬ 
cules superiores ssepius masculse; inferiores feminese, inter- 
medise apice rarius basi masculse; taraen ex eadem radice 
insigniter dispositione staminum variant, nempe superiores 
ssepe apice masculse, alise apice vel basi, vel apice et basi mas¬ 
culse, vel omnino feminese, vel omnes basi masculse. Perigy- ' 
niurn seque variabile ; nempe in speciminibus ad littora are- 
nosa prope Lowestoft, com. Suffolk, Anglise, lectis, circum- 
scriptione vel orbiculatum abrupte breve vel sensim longius 
rostratum, late alatum, ala ad margines tenuissime serrulata, 
vel erosa, compressum, plano-convexiusculum, 2 lin. longum, 
1- j^- lin. latum, vel 2——ro b n - longum, 1-^ lin. latum, vel 
2- ro~ro hn. longum, l-Aj-Ao lin- latum; vel ovato-lanceo- 
latum , sensim rostratum, ala semper tenuissime serrulata, 
angustior, nee basi abrupte truncata, nec plerumque infra 
apicem achenii producta, plano-convexum, 2Ao ~~Jf bn. la¬ 
tum, 2^ lin. longum, lin. latum, 2 Aw bn. longum, -jSg— 
-A- lin. latum, 2-fL lin. longum, 1 lin. latum. Ala in forma 
perigynii orbiculari semper latior, basi ssepe subito angustata 
vix infra medium achenii producta ; in forma perigynii ovato- 
lanceolata semper angusta, ssepe solum supra achenium no- 
tanda. Achenium -ArUb bn. longum, Ao—ro bn. latum, plano- 
convexum, lucidum, castaneum, basi styli clavata apiculatum. 
Most authors describe the spiculas of C. arenaria as male or 
female or male at top. Neither in Goodenough, Smith, Lightfoot, 
Koch, Willdenow, Kunth, Reichenbach, Lange, Grenier and Go- 
dron, Cosson and Germain, Bromfield, Bentham, Steudel, do I find 
any notice of exclusively basal male florets, though Schkuhr figures 
such (_D. _D.) and Andersson alludes to them. I have taken my 
description from copious specimens I collected in the sands 
at Lowestoft, which agree with others I have from Germany 
and other localities, and I have noticed the valuation in the 
spiculas and perigynium the more particularly because it bears 
upon the claims of several recorded species to be considered as 
distinct. 
Var. /3; spica gracillima laxa straminep-viridi, e spi¬ 
culis 6-12 parvis polygatnis, superioribus (4-6) masculis 
contiguis, vel summa apice mascula, intermediis mas¬ 
culis, inferioribus (3-4) remotis femineis vel basi mas¬ 
culis ; bractea nunc spicam superante; perigyniis lanceo- 
latis fere e basi anguste alatis appressis, squama mutica 
obtusiuscula longioribus, — C. Ohmulleriana, Lang. 44 ; 
PJoch, 861 ; Peich. t. 213; Steud. 197. C. arenaria /3, 
(Joss, et Germ. 593. 
Lang remarks of this plant, “ habitum O. remotes ref evens rhizo- 
mate longe diversa It appears to me to connect 0. brizoides 
(from its general habit) -with C. arenaria. 
Var. y. castanea ; spica oblonga castanea, e spiculis 
4-12 plerumque basi masculis vel una alterave apice et 
basi mascula vel omnino feminea; perigyniis ovatis 
acute bifidis utrinque nervatis e medio vel e basi plus 
minus late alatis, squama ovato-lanceolata acuminata cus- 
pidata castanea superne margine albo-hyalina angustiori¬ 
bus brevioribus. — C. Ligerica, Gay, Ann. Sc. Nat. 10. 
360 (1838) ; Gren. et Godr. 392; Steud. 189. G. Li- 
gerina, Poreau, FI. Centr. t. 2. 550 (fide Gren. et Godr.). 
C. arenaria, Pubois, Ft. Orl. ( fide Gren. et Godr.). C. 
Schreberi, Pesv. FI. Ang. Fries, Mant. 2. 56. et Herb. 
Norm. n. 91; Anders. 64. t. 4 . f. 25 (fide Gren. et Godr.). 
C. pseudo-arenaria, Peich. t. 208 ; Steud. 189. C. Col- 
chica, Gay, l. c. 303; Steud. 189. C. arenaria, P. FI. 
Ross. C. intermedia, Urv. (fide Ft. Boss.). C. sabule- 
torum, Piebst. mss. (fide Ft. Ross.). 
Hab. Ad ripas arenosas fl. Ligeris (Gay) ; Dampierre 
pres de Paris (Gren. et Godr.). Ad littora arenosa Col- 
chidis et in Tauriee herbidis. 
This form connects the typical C. arenaria with G. Schreberi, 
Schr. Gren. and Godr. refer the O. Schreberi, Fries, to it, of 
which Andersson says, “ Specimina in CElandia lecta in una eadem- 
que spicula fructus fovet ovatos vel oblongos, margine nunc sensim 
in alam dilatato nunc subito oblique producto,” and he therefore 
allies it to C. Ligerica and G. pseudo-arenaria, both of which 
Gren. and Godr. unite. Reichenbach describes the last “spiculis 
apice masculis,” but in one of his figures they are basi masculis, 
showing that no dependence can be placed on the position of the 
male florets. Gay, etc., take no notice of male florets at the top of 
the spicula, but in a specimen he sent to me in 1846 I observe a 
spicula apice et basi mascula, as shown in the figure of it. I refer 
G. Golchica here from the castaneous colour of the squamae. There 
is nothing in the detailed character, unless it be the “ culmus ob¬ 
tuse trigonus Iceviusculus ” (common to the lower part of the culm 
in all the forms), to distinguish it from G. arenaria. 
419. C. Arnottiana (Nees); spica elongata ferruginea 
concolori, e spiculis 8-12 cylindricis, masculis 1-3 con¬ 
tiguis sessilibus, reliquis femineis apice masculis, densi- 
fioris, mediis vel inferioribus geminatis, pedunculatis 
pendulis remotis ; bracteis evaginatis, inferioribus inter- 
dum longissimis; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis obovatis 
abrupte cylindrico-rostellatis, ore integro, enerviis vel 
obscure nervatis superne granulatis ferrugineis com¬ 
pressis membranaceis, squama lanceolata acuminata vel 
obtusa vel sensim vel abrupte cuspidata lsevi ferruginea, 
nervo viridi, latioribus vel angustioribus brevioribus. — 
