ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
183 
gata castaneo-alba, e spiculis 3-5 gracilibus paucifloris 
pedunculatis, mascula 1 ovali vel elliptica, femineis nu- 
tantibus laxifloris exserte pedunculatis alternating remotis 
vel superioribus vel omnibus contiguis umbellatis, summa 
rarius sessili basi feminea, inferioribus rarius compositis; 
bracteis vaginatis, infima spiculam superante; stigma- 
tibus 3; perigyniis ovato-ellipticis basi acutis sensim 
rostratis rostro apice hyalino margine scabro, ore integro, 
enerviis lucidis castaneis, squama ovata obtusa vel acuta 
pallide castanea margine albo-hyalina decidua longiori¬ 
bus.—C. capillaris, L. Sp. Plant.; Light. 557 ; Good. 
Linn. Trans. 3, 180 ; Scop. FI. Cam. 220. /. 59; Al- 
lioni, 271 ; Wahl. Act. 155, el Lapp. 238, et Suec. 600; 
mild. 290 ; Sc/d. f. 56 ; Kunth, 472 ; Gaud. Agr. 177, 
el FI. Helv. 124 ; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 227 ; Drejer, Lev. 53 ; 
Koch , 880 , Reich. 18, t. 241 ; Lange, 105 ; Anders. 32, 
t. 7,/. 77 ; JBertol. 126 ; Fl. Ross. 295 ; Gren. et Godr. 
407 ; Steud. 231; Eng. Rot. t. 2069 ; Smith, Fug. Fl. 
100 ; Dewey, Sill. 11, 149 ; Torr. et Seine. 350 ; Torr. 
Cyp. 416 ; Carey, 527. {Lc. ined. DCXX. in LLerb. 
Kew.) 
Hab. Europa, Asia, et America septentrionali.—Ice¬ 
land. Feroe Islands. Lapland to Italy. Caucasus, 
Altai, Kamtchatka, Unalashka. Greenland, Arctic Ame¬ 
rica. Rocky Mountains. White Mountains, N. Hamp¬ 
shire. 
Culmus i-17-pollicaris, filiformis, lrnvis, basi foliatus: pars 
spicigera \-7 poll, longa. Folia i-1 lin. lata, culmo bre- 
viora, plana. Bractece vaginatse, summa setacea, infima spi¬ 
culam superans. Pedunculi capillacei. Spicula mascula 2-5 
lin. longa, lin. lata, rarius basi feminea; feminece 3-6 lin. 
long®, l-lv,- lin. latse, superiores vel omnes ssepe masculam 
superantes, ex eadem vagina egredientes quasi umbellate; 
summa nunc sessilis, basi feminea masculse contigua; vel 
omnes alternatim disposite, infima magis remota, inferior®! 
subinde basi spicula brevi sessili composite, omnes erecte 
vel nutantes. Squamae conformes ; feminece facile deciduae. 
Perigynium 1 X 7 (J - lin. longum, -fa lin. latum. Achenium fa 
lin. longum, plus -fa lin. latum, ellipticum, triquetrum, basi 
styli sequali apiculatum. Stigmata 3, brevia. 
I do not observe any material difference in this species from its 
various localities. It varies remarkably in height. Drejer de¬ 
scribes Greenland specimens a foot in' height, while Gaudin says 
the culm is from 9 lines to 5 inches high. I have never seen the 
terminal spike male at base, as described by Drejer. The affinity 
is witb the Strigoscs. 
The specimens figured are—• 
n. 1. From Scotland, 
n. 2. From Greenland, 
n. 3. From Arctic America. 
430. C. capitata (L.); spica simplici apice mascula 
subgloboso-ovata densiflora nuda viridi-ferruginea ; stig- 
matibus 2; perigyniis subrotundis vel ovalibus cylindrico- 
rostratis, ore emarginato hyalino, plano-convexiusculis, 
marginibus acutis glabris enerviis imbricato-patulis te- 
nuissimis lucidis pallide viridibus superne ferrugineis, 
squama subrotunda obtusa vel ovata acuta pallide de- 
mum fusco-ferruginea margine albo-byalina longioribus. 
-—0. capitata, L. Sp. PL; Wahl. Act. 139, et Lapp. 
223; Willd. 210; Sc/d. f. 80; Kunth, 371; Drejer, 
Rev. 20 ; Koch, S62 ; Bertol. 35 ; Anders, t. 3, /. 6 ; 
Lange, 19; Fl. Ross. 266; Reich, t. 195; Steud. 184; 
Fl. Bor. Amer. 203; Deioey, Sill. 39, 51 ; Torrey, Cyp. 
3S7 ; Carey, 509 ; Sari. Exs. n. 4. {Lc. ined. DCXXI. 
in Herb. Kew.') 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, et America septentrionali, in 
alpibus.—Iceland. Lapland to Tyrol and Bavarian Alps. 
Baikal. Davuria, Meyer, Fl. Ross. Greenland, Vahl. 
Arctic America. Rocky Mountains, Richardson. White 
Mountains, N. Hampshire, Robbins, Blake. 
Radix crassiuscula, dense crespitosa, ut monet Waldenb. 
“ ex uno latere tantum innovatur.” Culmus 4—16-pollicaris, 
filiformis, angulatus, firmus, apice scabriusculus, basi foliatus, 
rudimentis foliorum vaginisque plus minus reticulato-fissis 
ferrugineo-purpureis tectus. Folia filiformia, culrao breviora. 
Spica pisiformis, apice cylindrico mascula, 2-4 lin. longa, 
2-3 lin. lata. Squama infima rarius cuspidata. Perigynium 
1| lin. longum, -fa lin. latum, achenium laxe vestiens. Ache¬ 
nium fa 5 bn. longum, t 6 x —to lin. latum, compresso-biconvexi- 
usculum, pallidum, basi styli sequali abrupte apiculatum, 
antice raclieola lineari longiore instructum. 
The compact pisiform spike, with its cylindrical male apex, dis¬ 
tinguishes this pretty species. 
431. C. clavata (Thunberg); spica oblonga glauco- 
ferruginea, e spiculis 3-5 contiguis, masculis 1—2 fer¬ 
rugineis, reliquis femineis vel apice masculis glauco- 
ferrugineis crassis densifloris cylindricis erectis incluse 
pedunculatis; bracteis subangustis vaginatis culmo 
longioribus; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis late ovalibus 
subcompresso-inflatis breve rostratis bifidis marginibus 
scabris plurinerviis glaucis ferrugineo-punctatis demum 
omnino ferrugineis coriaceis, squama ovata acuta vel ob¬ 
tusa ciliata cuspidata lineolis ferrugineis notata latiori- 
bus longioribus.—C. clavata, Thunberg, Prod. 14; ejus 
Flora, 1, 341; Wahl. Act. 150; Willd. 267; Schk. 55; 
Kunth, 495 ; Nees, Lin rue a, 7, 535, el 10, 204; Schlecht. 
Linnaza, 14, 352 ; Kunze, 67. t. 17 ; Steud. 239. C. 
vesicaria, Thunb. 1. c. ? {Ic. ined. DCXXTI. in LLerb. 
Kew.) 
Hab. Cap. Bouse Spei! 
Culmus 2-3-peclalis, validus, rigidus, apice scabriusculus; 
pars spicas gerens 2-6 poll, longa. Folia 2-4 lin. lata, glauces- 
centia, mai’gine scabra, vaginis longis basi tumidis. Spicula 
mascula 1-1 h poll, longa, 2 lin. lata, breve pedunculata, nunc 
obliqua, altera brevior sessilis bracteata ssepe prope sita. 
Spiculae feminece 14-21 lin. longse, 6-7 lin. late. Squamae 
conformes, masculse obtusiores. Perigynium 3 T 5 ff — fa lin. lon¬ 
gum, I-j^-g— 2-fa lin. latum. Achenium 1-fa-fafa lin. longum, 
W--t 9 <7 bn. latum, ovali-obovatum, triquetrum, basi styli erecti 
tequali apiculatum. 
Var. spiculis abbreviatis. 
Yar. y. Wahl., Nees. — “ C. clavata, Thunb.” 
There are intermediate forms between the var. and the more 
developed specimens. The perigynium at first is of a glaucous 
hue, distinctly punctulate, but as it matures it becomes of a 
uniform ferruginous colour, and of a more coriaceous texture. 
The C. lutensis, Kunth, has a remote inflorescence, with a 
smaller, more turgid, smooth perigynium, with fewer nerves aud 
emarginate squamae, and, I suspect, is rather referable to C. oethio- 
pica than to C. clavata, to which Meyer, in his commentarv on 
Drege’s plant, allies it. 
3 c 
