186 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
Pie b si. Asia Minor, TcMJiatcheff. Mauritania, Belestre 
{Herb. Mus. Par.). 
Culmus 5-25-pedalis, obtusangulus, Isevis, gracilis, rigidus, 
basi foliatus, rudimentisque foliorum marcidis fusco-ferrugi- 
neis tectus; pars spicigera 4—18 poll, longa. Folia 1—2 lin. 
lata, culmo breviora, firma, glauco-viridia; inferiora basi in- 
voluta, demum sordide ferruginea. Bractece (nisi summa) 
vaginatse. Ligula integra, ampla, ferruginea, margiue hyalina. 
Vagina 2-2| poll, longse. Pedunculus infimus subinde 3 
poll, longus, filiformis, Isevis. Spicula mascula 8-15 lin. longa, 
1-2 lin. lata, rarius sessilis, alteraque minori contigua stipata; 
feminea rarius apice masculse, 4-12 lin. longse, 2-2^ lin. latse, 
a se 3-6| poll, remotse, omnes (nisi summa) inserte vel 
breve exserte pedunculatse, vel infima longe exserta. Squama 
mascula obtusse, muticse, nervo rarius excurrente, castanese. 
Perigynium 1 t 3 q lin. longum, lin. latum, subrotundo-ovale, 
breve rostratum; vel 2-2A lin. longum, ->—1 lin. latum, 
ellipticum, rostro paulo lougiore, valide nervatum, nervis 
marginalibus ssepins (intra margines) antice visis, ore bifido, 
laciniis acutis scabris. Achenium T * s Ho lin. longum, x 5 — n A 
lin. latum, obovatum, basi styli abrupte apiculatum ; vel l x %- 
lin. longum, x V~rp lin* latum, ellipticum, acutum, stipitatum, 
acute triquetrum, stylo recto vel curvato. Stigmata 3, in uno 
specimine 4; achenio angulis 4 ! 
A C. fulva differt colore; spiculis femineis ssepius 3 ; 
squamis obtusis mucronatis (nec margine late hyalinis) ; 
perigyniis ssepe late ovalibus, ore acute bifido nec hyalino, 
laciniis scabris ferrugineo-punctatis; foliis demum sordide 
ferrugineis nec flavidis. 
A C. binervi, spica viridi-ferruginea; spiculis paucioribus, 
femineis minoribus erectis ssepe inserte pedunculatis nec 
compositis; perigyniis valide nervatis ; foliis angustioribus, 
I find in 119 specimens,— 
27 with 3 spikes. Ill with 1 male. 28 with 2 female. 
78 „ 4 8 „ 2 83 „ 3 
14 ,, 5 8 „ 4 
Rarissime apice masculse. 
The specimens figured are from Scotland. 
439. C. divisa (Hudson); spica oblonga vel abbre- 
viata castanea, e spiculis apice masculis 1—12 simplicibus 
congestis, vel inferioribus discretis compositis nudis vel 
bracteatis ; bractea infima cuspidata vel subulata recta 
spicarn superante; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis ovalibus 
stipitatis vel ovatis plus minus rostratis, ore hyalino ob- 
liquo integro vel bifido, marginibus superne acutis sca¬ 
bris plano-convexis utrinque vel subobsolete nervatis 
appressis lucidis spongiosis pallidis plus minus vel om- 
nino ferrugineis, squama ovata acuminata vel acuta cus¬ 
pidata firma castanea margine hyalina brevioribus vel 
longioribus.—C. divisa, Hudson , FI. Ang. 348 (1762); 
Good. Linn. Trans. 2,157, t. 19 ; Schk. B. ; Wahl. Act. 
143; Willd. 233; jSch/c. V. V. f. 61; Kunth , 372; 
Koch, 865; Fng. Pot. t. 1096; Smith, Png. FI. 87; 
Pertol. 51; Reich, t. 205 ; Gay, Ann. Sc. Nat. 10, 209 
(1838); Drejer, Symb. 5; Lange, 30; FI. Boss. 272; 
Gren. et Godr. 390 ; Tchihatch. 573 ; Penth. Handb. 561; 
Promfield, 550; Stead. 180. C. sclicenoides, Host. Gram, 
t. 45 ; .Thuill.; Besfont. Urv. Tenore; Piebst.; Hoppe. 
C. lobata, Lam. Fnc. 379 ; Sch/c. L. f. 18 ; Kunth, 373; 
Link; Baby; Stead. 187. C. tripartita, Lam. Fncyc. 
339; Bee. C. cuspidata, Pertol. C. Bertolonii, Sch/c. 
B. f. 18, et 208. C. hybrida, Lam. Fnc. 382; Prot. 
C. ammophila, Willd. 226; Kunth, 373; Stead. 187. 
C. rivularis, Schk.f. 87; Wahl. Act. 143 ; Willd. 226; 
Kunth, 373; Stead. 187. C. Austriaca, Schk.f. 157. 
C. Fontanesii, Poir. Fncyc. Suppl. 257. C. fuscescens, 
Willd. Herb. C. leporina, Pall. Lnd. Taur. C. splen- 
dens, Thuill. C. Ilostii, Hoppe. C. Schreberi, Ten. 
{Herb. Pooft). C. paradoxa, Penth. Cat. PL Pyr. C. 
consanguinea, Kunth, 374 ; Stead. 187. C. spicata, 
Prot. C. setifolia, Godron, Ft. Montp.; Gren. et Godr. 
390. C. chsetophylla, Steud. 187. {Ic, ined. DCXXXI. 
in Herb. Hook.) 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, Africa, praecipue in maritimis. 
—Great Britain to Spain. Italy, Sicily, Canaries, Ma¬ 
deira, Egypt, Algiers, Cape of Good Hope. Caucasus, 
Ural. Affghanistan, Griffith. Himalaya occid. temp. 
Kashmir, Jacquemont. 
Rhizoma lignosum, validum, ramosum, repens. Culmus 
x -2-pedalis, triqueter, scabriusculus, firmus, subinde filiformis. 
Folia 1 lin. lata, culmo breviora, vel canaliculato-filiformia. 
Bractea infima subulata, recta, spicam superans, vel squamse- 
formis cuspidata. Spica admodum variabilis, nunc oblonga, 
14-pollicaris, 5-6 lin. lata, spiculis inferioribus discretis 
subinde compositis, vel subrotunde capitata, spiculis pau¬ 
cioribus congestis, vel elliptica, vel ovali, omnino depauperata, 
1-4 lin. longa, 1-2 lin. lata. Squama firm®, subinde mu- 
ticse. Perigynium l x 8 o—2 T ' 0 - lin. longum, to-Ito- hn- latum, 
ellipticum, utrinque acutum, stipitatum, vel ovatum, basi 
obtusum, ore hyalino integro obliquo vel plus minus bifido, 
plerumque utrinque crebre nervosum, vel nervis paucioribus 
fere obsoletis spongiosum. Achenium orbiculatmn vel ob- 
longum, 1-A lin. longum, T V lin. latum, plano-convexius- 
culum, ferrugineum ; basi styli sequali. 
This species is common in the middle and south of Europe, 
attaining its fullest development in marshes near the sea, and in 
inland dryer situations often reduced to a very dwarfed state, 
—the smallest specimens I have seen being those of Godron, of 
which I have several through the kindness of M. Spacb, but no 
mature perigynia, the spike reduced to a solitary spicula, 2 lines 
long and 1 wide. For the copious synonymy I must refer to Gay’s 
elaborations in the Ann. Sc. Nat., to those of Drejer in his ‘ Sym- 
bolse,’ and to Kunth. I have not seen any specimens from Ame¬ 
rica, the analogue to it in the States being, I think, C. Mulilen- 
leryii, Schk. The species is variable as to the size of the spike 
in all its localities, often depauperate by the sea. In Griffith’s 
Affghan specimens every size is found, some fully as large as any 
I have seen from Europe ; and several I have from Malaga are as 
dwarfed as the larger specimens of C. setifolia, sent by M. Yertot 
from the south of Erance. 
440. C. Durieni (Steudel) ; spica abbreviata viridi- 
purpurea, e spiculis 2-3 contiguis, terminali mascula 
cylindrica, femineis 1-2 subinde apice masculis subro- 
tundis squarrosis sessilibus evaginatis flavide purpureis ; 
bractea spica breviore vel aequante ; stigmatibus 3 ; pe¬ 
rigyniis orbiculatis compressis alatis longe cylindrico- 
rostratis, ore emarginato postice fisso demum bilobato, 
leviter nervatis flavidis, rostro divaricato fusco, margine 
serrato, squama rotundata obtusa mutica fusco-purpurea 
medio viridi margine pallida longioribus latioribus.—C. 
Durieui, Steudel, 221; Kunze, 149, t. 38. C. filifolia. 
Gay, Ann. Sc. Hal, (1836) ( non Nuttall). {Ic. ined. 
DCXXX1I. in Herb. Kew.) 
Hab. In Hispania. 
