190 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
Hab. In Asia et America septentrional'!.—Davuria, 
Meyer. Sitcha, Bongard. 
Radix fibrosa. Culmus l-l|-pedalis, gracilis, obtuse tri- 
queter, scabriusculus, interne foliatus. Folia 1—1^ lin. lata, 
culmo longiora vel breviora, plana, graminea; vaginis longis, 
intus hyalinis, transversim corrugatis. Bractece angustse, in- 
feriores longiores, infima srepe spicam longe superans, sursum 
sensim breviores spiculis plerumque longiores. Spica 14-2 
poll, longa, 4-5 lin. lata, in cultis demum straminea. Spi¬ 
cules sub 30, inferiores oblongse densiflorge composite, apice 
parce mascuhe. Perigynium 1 lin. Iongum, - T 6 () —li n . 
latum, superne compressum, acbenium laxe vestiens. Ache¬ 
nium ^ lin. Iongum, yL lin. latum, ovale, lenticulare, lucidum, 
castaneum ; basi styli sequali. 
I am indebted to M. Fischer for authentic specimens of this 
species, and to M. Spach for cultivated ones from the Paris Gar¬ 
den, grown from seed sent from Russia, which exactly accord with 
the wild ones, except that the lower bracts are more elongated. 
Its affinity is with C. nubiyena and C. Thomsoni. ILunze quotes 
Torrey, apparently mistaking the name leiocarpa (which is the 
plant of Torrey) for that of leiorhynclia. 
450. C. leporina (L.) ; spica oblonga fulvo-brunnea, 
e spiculis 5-6 rarius 2-10 subrotundis vel obovatis basi 
masculis alternatim contiguis rarius in capitulum ellipti- 
cum congestis obtusis, summa basi clavato-mascula; 
bractea nunc spicam requante filiformi; stigmatibus 2 ; 
perigyniis e basi ovata sensim acuminatis rostratis, ore 
oblique secto, marginibus e medio sursum alatis serru- 
latis utrinque nervatis fulvis, squamam ovato-lanceolatam 
acutam fulvam margine albo-hyalinarn subaequantibus. 
—C. leporina, L. Fl. Suecica fexcl. cit. FI. LapJ ; 
Wahl. Act. 145 ; Gaud. Agrost. 105, el Helv. 52 ; Koch, 
869 ; Reich, t. 211; Anders. 63, t. 4, f. 26 ; Lange , 51; 
FI. Ross. 278; Gren. et Godr. 397; Tchihatch. 575; 
Benth. Handb. 557. C. ovalis, Good. 148 ; Fng. Bot. 
t. 306; Fng. FI. 82; Willd. 229; Schhc.f. 8 ; Ninth, 395 ; 
Bertol. 47 ; Steud. 198. C. mollis, Gilib. {fide Sch/c. 
p. 40, et Fl. Ross.). C. petasata, Dewey, 29, 246 ; 
Steud. 197. {Ic. ined. DCXLII. A. et DCXLII. B. in 
Herb. Kew.) 
Var. /3; spica albo-virescenti; culmo foliisque flac- 
cidis.—C. argyroglochin, Horn. Fl. Dan. ; Steud. 198. 
C. leporina, /3. nemoralis, Fl. Ross. C. leporina, /3. pal- 
lescens, Gren. et Godr. 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, et America septentrionali.— 
Lapland to Italy and Spain. Pontus, Cappadocia, Ser¬ 
bia, Caucasus, Ural, Altai. Rocky Mountains, Drum¬ 
mond. —/3. In Europa. Ural. 
Radix lignosa, fibrosa. Culmus 1-lUpedalis, obtuse tri- 
queter, scaber, fistulosus, inferno foliatus. Folia 1-14 lin. 
lata, culmo breviora, plana. Bractea squamseformis, quan- 
doque spicam sequans, angusta. Spica 1-14 poll, longa, 3-5 
lin. lata. Spiculce 3-6 lin. longre, 3 lin. latse, summa basi 
magis conspicue mascula. Perigynium lyy—2 x :i -, T lin. Iongum, 
-^-1 lin. latum. Achenium H lin. Iongum, lin. latum, 
oblongum, stipitatum, lenticulare, lucidum, castaneum, basi 
styli apiculatum. 
A C. fesiiva differt spica laxiorfe, fulva ; spiculis plerumque 
alternis, nusquam arete congestis; ore non hyalino nec antice 
alte secto; squamis acutis, perigynia sequantibus. 
I have never seen the typical form of this common European 
species from any portion of North America. Dewey, in Sill. 26, 
377, inserts C. ovalis. Good., as found in the Rocky Mountains, 
but quotes no authority. I have seen only the plant found there 
by Drummond, and which Dewey has described under the name 
of C. petasata. All the specimens are too young, but they do not 
essentially differ from the forms we meet with in Europe. The 
spiculae are 3-4, and of an elliptic form, as is usual in the earlier 
stage of development. The analogous species in North America 
is C. scoparia, forms of which are all but identical with C. leporina, 
differing merely in a narrower perigynium and achenium. 
The distinction of C. fesiiva from C. leporina lies in the dark- 
coloured dense capitulum, its more numerous spiculaa, the orifice 
anteriorly more prolonged, and the obtuse shorter squamae, and 
its more alpine habitat. The leaves and bracts are often broader. 
It is very uniform in character in its much wider range. I have 
it from the island of Hawaii, and Mr. Brewer has lately sent it to 
me from San Francisco, with a capitulum an inch long and wide. 
I should refer the C. prophiqua, Nees, and the Macloviana, Durv. 
(smaller forms), to it, and also the C. allomacros, Steud. 189, an 
authentic specimen of which I have, through the kindness of M. 
Sonder, and C. pacliystachya, Cham. (Steud. 197). 
Tab. DCXLII. A. is a specimen of C. leporina, from Germany. 
Tab. DCXLII. B.: 
n. 1 are Woodford, near London; all from the same root, 
n. 2. From Germany, the terminal spicula sterile, 
n. 3. The C. petasata, Dy., from the Rocky Mountains 
{Drummond), with a perigynium and squama. 
451. C. lobulirostris (Drejer) ; spica fusco-olivacea, e 
spiculis 3-6 cylindricis coarctatis subaequialtis densifloris, 
terminal mascula sessili fusco-ferruginea, reliquis femi- 
neis crassis superioribus sessilibus, infima plus minus 
remota inserta vel exserte pedunculata; bracteis inferio- 
ribus 2 vaginatis culmum conspicue superantibus; stig- 
matibus 3 ; perigyniis ovalibus vel ovali-obovatis ros¬ 
tratis, ore subin tegro vel emarginato, ventricosis nervatis 
glabris divergentibus membranaceis fnscis, squama lan- 
ceolata hispido-aristata latioribus longioribus vel (arista) 
brevioribus.—C. lobulirostris, Drejer, Syrnb. 27. t. 14. 
C. Neesiana, Arnott mss. {non Endl.). C. Arnottiana, 
Boott, JAnn. Trans. 20, 129 {non Nees). {Ic. ined. 
DCXLIII. in Herb. Kew.) 
Hab. In Ceylon, Wight, 1295 ; Gardner, n. 946 ; 
Thwaites, n. 2623. 
Culmus 1-3-pedalis, validus, rigidus, Isevis, basi foliatus; 
pars spicigera 3-8 poll, longa. Folia 4-6 lin. lata, culmo 
longiora, plana. Bradeee 2 inferiores vaginatse, vagina 3- 
18 lin. longa; infima ssepe sterilis, 6-8 pollices remota. Pe- 
dunculus infimus 9 lin.-2| pollices longus, insertus vel breve 
exsertus. Spiculce plerumque 11-2| poll, longre, mascula 2 
lin., reliquge 4 lin. latse, omnes coarctatse, vel infima inserte 
vel brevi exserte pedunculata, plus minus remota. Squamce 
omnes aristatse. Perigynium 1-^- lin. Iongum, H~to bn. 
latum, fuscum, rostro apice purpureo, ore subintegro demum 
fisso lobato. Achenium lineam Iongum, lin. latum, ellip- 
ticum, triquetrum, basi styli apiculatum. Stigmata 3, brevia. 
Affinis C. Japonicce, Th. (C. Doniance, Spr.) differt bracteis 
iuferioribus vaginatis, perigyniis magis ventricosis fuscis. 
Drejer describes the orifice as lobed. It seems to me nearly 
entire, emarginate, ultimately ruptured. 
452. C. longipes (Don); spica elongata Isete viridi de¬ 
mum olivacea vel straminea, e spiculis 4-8 apice masculis 
basi attenuatis sterilibus, superioribus oblongis ovatisve 
contiguis vel approximatis evaginatis sessilibus, inferiori- 
bus cylindricis plus minus laxifloris, simplicibus vel com- 
