ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
193 
mum. Aclienium subrotundum, 1 lin. longum, T \>— r B , T lin. la¬ 
tum, vel oblongum vel ovatum I-y 0 -T o bn. longum 1 lin. 
latum, ferrugineum, plano-convexiusculum, basi styli clavata. 
Var. /3. gracilis; spica castanea angusta, e spiculis 
ovatis paucifloris bracteatis; perigyniis erectis enerviis 
vel nervatis, squama lanceolata acutissima cuspidata cas¬ 
tanea brevioribus. C. Hookeriana, Deivey, Sill. 29, 248 ; 
FI. Bor. Arner. t. 212; Steud. 192. C. muricata, Tor. 
Cyp. 389. ( Ic. ined. DCLVII. in Herb. Kew.) 
Hab. In America septentrionali.—Carlton House 
(Richardson ). North Mexico, Fendler, n. 884; St. Rita 
del Cobro, North Mexico, Bigelow (Herb. Torrey). An¬ 
gel Island, San Francisco, California {Brewer). 
Culmus 1-lUped., graeillimus. Folia sub lineam lata. Brac- 
tecs inferiores longiores, infima 1-2 poll, longa. Spiculce 5-10, 
ovatse, omnes bracteatse. Perigynium ( Carlton House) l-\~ 
Ao bn. longum, T 6 1T lin. latum, enerve, pallidum, vel {St. Ritce ) 
2-2-A bn. longum, T 7 Tj —fy lin. latum, utrinque subvalide ner- 
vatum, pallidum, vel {Angel Island ) 2-%—yA bn. longum, gg- 
wq lin. latum, plus minus nervatum, castaneum. Aclienium 
{Carlton House, St. Rita) -A— r 9 ir lin. longum, Ar-iV bn. la¬ 
tum, ovale, vel ( Angel Island) 1 lin. longum, a. bn. latum, 
obovatum. 
A forma typica differt spica graciliori; spiculis ovatis pau¬ 
cifloris bracteatis; perigyniis erectis, squama acutissima brevi¬ 
oribus. 
Var. y. virens; spica albo-viridi elongata basi ssepe 
interrupta composita, e spiculis pluribus subinde rnajori- 
bus, inferioribus nunc remotis simplicibus vel compositis, 
omnibus bracteatis; bractea infima rarius foliacea spicam 
superante; perigyniis ovato-lanceolatis pallidis demum 
plus minus castaneis, squama alba cuspidata longioribus, 
culmo subinde altissimo, fo'liis latioribus.—C. virens, La¬ 
marck, Hnc. 3, 384; Steud. 192. C. muricata, Sc/i/c. 
I). 1). f. 22 ? b. G. muricata, Hoppe, Icon. C. muri¬ 
cata, v. virens, Fries, Sum. 73 ; Andersson, t. 3./. 18 ; 
Koch, 866 ; Gren. et Godr. 394. C. nemorosa, Lumnitz. 
C. tenuis, Schleicher. C. loliacea, Bellard. {fide Pertol). 
C. divulsa, Gaudin, Helv. 47 {fide Koch ); Agrost. 95. 
C. furculata, Peterm. Steud. 192. C. tergestina, Hoppe, 
{Herb. Boott). 
Hab. In Europa, in nemorosis. 
Culmus 1-5-pedes altus, subinde validus. Folia 2 lin. lata. 
Spica pallida, nunc abbreviata, semipollicaris, spiculis simpli¬ 
cibus contiguis, vel 1-44 pollices longa. Spicules inferiores 
plus minus remotse, nunc 1-14 pollices distantes e spiculis 
partialibus 2-4 contiguis composite, infima 9 lin. longa. 
Bractea infima plerumque angusta, subpollicaris, rarius foliacea 
31 pollices longa, sub lineam lata. Spiculai squarrosse. Peri¬ 
gynium 2-po —to bn. longum, -A lin. latum. Squamae albse, 
nervo lsete viridi. 
Yar. 8. divulsa; spica albo-viridi elongata basi inter¬ 
rupta ssepe rainosa, e spiculis 12 pluribusve, inferioribus 
remotis simplicibus vel plus minus compositis, sessilibus 
vel ad basin spicse in ramum pedicellatum subpollicarem 
dispositis, bractea infima angusta subinde elongata; 
perigyniis suborbiculatis rostro brevi vel oblongo-ovali- 
bus acuminato-rostratis, bifidis marginibus interne ob- 
tusis lsevibus, superne tantum acutis scabris, enerviis vel 
antice basi nervatis vel nervis 2 notatis, membranaceis 
pallidis squama ovata alba mutica vel cuspidata, nervo 
viridi longioribus.—C. divulsa, Good. Lin. Finns. 2,160 ; 
Eng. Bot. t. 629 ; Smith, Eng. FI. 89; Willd. 235; 
Schlc. I). 1). el W. W.f. 89; Kunth, 385; Koch, 866; 
Andersson , 66. t. 3 .f. 20 ; Gren. et Godr. 394; Steud. 
193; Tchihatch. 574. C. canescens, Finds. Thuill. {sec. 
Gren. et Godr.). C. muricata /3, Wahl. Act. 143 ; Cos- 
son et Germ. 594. C. muricata, var., Gay, Ann. Sc. 2, 
355 ; Benth. 560. C. paniculata/3, simplex, Fries, Herb. 
Norm. C. virens, Suec. {fide Fries). C. Guestphalica, 
Boning. 
Hab. In Europa.—Norway to Portugal, Constanti¬ 
nople, Madeira, and the Canaries. 
Culmus 2-3-pedalis, debilis, ssepe reclinatus. Spica 2-44 
poll, longse. Perigynium l-A-2 a lin. longum, l-l T 2 , r bn. 
latum, membranaceum. Aclienium 1-1 ® T lin. longum, -V—nr 
lin. latum, subrotundum vel ovatum, castaneum, basi styli 
clavata. 
Var. e. Lndica; spica pallida e spiculis pluribus (12— 
30), inferioribus in ramos (2-4) subpollicares dispositis, 
culmo validiore.—C. foliosa, Bon, Prod.; Boott, Illustr. 
2- 1. 3 ; Steud. 192. C. notoleia, Nees, Ap. Wight, 121; 
Kunth , 388 ; Steud. 193. 
There is no dependence to be placed upon the size or colour 
of the spike, or upon the form, size, nervation, or degree of acute¬ 
ness or roughness of the margins of the perigynium of C. muricata 
and its varieties. Any one comparing the perigynium of Schkuhr’s 
admirable figure e. 22, with that of e. e. 91, will see, that while 
the former represents the typical form, the other, saving the cas- 
taneous colour of the spike, is like that of the typical C. divulsa, 
which in its simpler development is to C. muricata what O. argyro- 
glochin is to C. leporina. Koch, alluding to the var. y, says, 
“ characterem vere distinguentem inter hanc varietatem et plan¬ 
tain vulgarem reperiri non potui.” And Andersson, alluding to 
the same variety, says, “modificatio nemoralis sub umbra orta ad 
C. divulsam prsebet transitum.” Goodenough and Smith evi¬ 
dently considered it as C. muricata, or as C. divulsa. I find the 
perigynium of the typical form varies from 1-A.-2JL- lin. longum, 
1-LA. lin. latum, that of the var. y, l T 6 o-2 T 6 o lin. longum, AL-1 
lin. latum, and that of the var. 8, lin. longum, a-1a lin. 
latum, in all the orifice bifid, the nervation variable, and the style 
clavate at base. 
C. Hookeriana has no essential specific character, and I have 
no hesitation in referring the C. foliosa, Don, of India, to a mere 
slight variation of the var. 8. As to the geographical distribution 
of it, I would refer to Gay’s observations, Ann. Sc. Nat. 10, 355 
(1838). 
458. 0. neurocarpa (Maximowicz) ; spica oblonga, 
e spiculis 20 pluribusve apice masculis dense congestis, 
inferioribus compositis ; bracteis inferioribus spicam 
longe superantibus; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis orbicu- 
lato-ovatis sensim rostratis bidentatis compressis utrin¬ 
que nervosis membranaceis, marginibus e medio late 
alatis serrulatis, ala basi subito clesinente pallidis demum 
ferrugineo-punctatis, squama ovata acuta, cuspidata 
sequilata pallide straminea, nervo viridi longioribus._ 
C. neurocarpa, Maxim. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 9, 306 
(1859). {Ic. ined. DCLII. in Herb. Keio) 
Hab. In Asia, ad fluv. Amur, Maxim. 
Csespitosa. Radix fibrosa. Culmus subpedalis, leevis. 
Folia 1-14 lin. lata, culmo longiora, plana. Bractece infe¬ 
riores 5-10 poll, longse. Spica poll, longa, 5-6 lin. lata. 
