196 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
Mr. Bentliam, in his ' Handbook,’ on his view of the variation 
of species, considers O. paradoxa and C. teretiuscula as varieties 
of 0. paniculata ; but thej r have been almost universally thought 
to be distinct. On Mr. Darwin’s view, it may be argued that 
they have all sprung from one common source, or have separated 
into forms with more or less varying distinctions. Goodenough 
first distinguished C. teretiuscula , but the figure given in his 
paper in the Linnean Transactions does not represent the plant 
as it is now understood. I have given a figure of a specimen 
from Epping Forest, which is certainly a degenerate form of G. 
paniculata , and which the late Mr. Edward Forbes told me had 
been transplanted in Mr. Borrer’s garden, and there fully deve¬ 
loped into O. paniculata. I have copied Goodenougk’s figure on 
the same plate. The other figures, showing the variable inflores¬ 
cence, are from Norfolk specimens. 
465. C. paradoxa (Willdenow); spica subelongata fer- 
ruginea ambitu laneeolata basi ramosa, e spiculis pluribus 
apice masculis laxis, inferioribus subinde omnino femineis 
in ramis oblongis sessilibus vel pedicellatis subremotis 
dispositisbractea ramo plerumque breviore; stigma- 
tibus 2 longis ; perigyniis orbiculato- vel suboblongo- 
ovatis rostratis, rostro herbaceo apice subtereti attenuate, 
ore hyalino obliquo bidentato, basi turgidis biconvexis 
marginibus acutis serrulatis utrinque valide nervatis 
crasse spongiosis obscure fuscis abrupte stipitatis, squama 
acuminata acutissima margine subhyalina decidua bre- 
vioribus vel subaequantibus.—C. paradoxa, Willd. Act. 
Berol. 39, ft. 1,/. 1 (1794); Wahl. Act. Holm. 142; 
Willd. Sp. 243 ; Schk. f. 21; Kunth, 390; Gauclin, 
Agrost. t. 90., et Helv. 6, 43 ; Ledebour, FI. Alt. 6, 214 ; 
Fng. Bot. t. 2896; Koch, 867 ; Beichenb. 11, t. 222; 
Anders. 68, t. 3,/. 23 ; Lange, 41; Gren. et Godr. 395 ; 
JSteud. 194; FI. Boss. 277. C. canescens, Host. t. 57. 
C. paniculata, Wahl. sec. Fries. {Ic. ined. DCLX. in 
Herb. Kew.) 
Hab. In Europa.—Norway to Switzerland. Asia: 
Caucasus, Altai. 
t 
Dense esespitosa. Culmus 1-2-pedalis, triqueter, striatus, 
plus minus scaber, basi rudimentis foliorum lanceolatis atro- 
purpureis reliquiisque eorum fibrilloso-laceratis tectus. Folia 
1-11 tin. lata, culmo breviora vel subsequantia, ssepe condu- 
plicata. Bractea e basi laneeolata, rarius ramo inferiore longior, 
angusta. Spica 2-3^ vel 5 b poll, longa, plus minus composita. 
Rachis gracillima. Spicae partiales inferiores ssepe omnino 
feminese vel abbreviate subsimplices, vel in ramis pollicari- 
bus pedicellatis gracilibus erectis dispositse. Spiculce laxse. 
Squamae acuminatse, nervo ssepe in inferioribus excurrente, 
ssepe forruginese, concolores, vel ad margines pallidse, vel sub- 
hyalmte, demum patentes deciduse. Perigynium 1 j s 6 —-A,, lin. 
longum, Lo~to bn. latum, utrinque valide nervatum, nervis 
fuscioribus, ore obliquo antice plus minus secto, basi in sti- 
pitem abrupte contractum turgideque biconvexum. Ache- 
niurn -,%—ia bn. longum, p- u lin. latum, biconvexum, basi 
contractum, lucid urn, fusco-castaneum, basi styli incrassata 
decidua. 
466. C. pauciflora (Ligbtfoot) ; spica simplici apice 
mascula ovata ferruginea demum oblonga straminea pau¬ 
ciflora ; stigmatibus 3 ; stylo subulato exserto ; perigy¬ 
niis subulatis acutis, ore integro, striato-nervatis glabris 
sessilibus basi spongiosis demum pendulis, squama ovato- 
lanceolata obtusiuscula vel acuta pallide ferruginea medio 
viridi caduca angustioribus longioribus.—C. pauciflora, 
Light. FI. Scot. 543, t. 6,/. 2; Good. Linn. Trans. 2,143 ; 
Fng. Bot. t. 2041; Smith, Fng. FI. 79 ; Willd. 211 ; 
Schic. f. 4; Kunth, 424; Gaud. Agr. 74, et LLelv. 29 ; 
Koch, 863 ; Bertol. 36 ; Brejer, Bev. 20; Beich. L 
196; Anders. 74, t. 3./. 2; Lange, 23 ; FI. Boss. 268;; 
Gren. et Godr. 387; Benth. 557; Steud. 185; Torrey,, 
Mon. 298 ; Carey, 519 ; Sartwell, Fees. n. 5. C. patula. 
LLuds. {fide Smith). C. leucoglochin, Fhrhi. Wahl. Act. 
139, et Lap. 224 ; Deioey, Sill. 10, 42 ; Torr. Cyp. 404. 
C. pulicaris, L. FI. Suec. et Lap. {fide Kunth et Anders- 
son). {Lc. ined. DCLXI. in Herb. Kew.) 
Hab. In Europa et America septentrional!—Iceland, 
Lapland, etc., to Switzerland. Sitcha, Bongard. Rocky 
Mountains, Drummond. New England, New York. 
Radix repens. Culmus 4-8-pollicaris, demum ultra pedalis, 
triqueter, laevis vel scaber, basi parce foliatus. Folia inferiora 
brevia, summum carmato-planum subinde culmum sequans, 
4-4 lin. latum. Spica florifera 3-4 lin. longa, 1 lin. lata, 
ovata, ferruginea; fructifera laxiflora flavescens, flosculis mas¬ 
culis 2-3 deciduis, femineis 2-4 erectis, demum divaricatis 
vel pendulis. Squamae masculce lanceolate, acutse, angustiores 
deciduae; fcminece margine vix hyalin re, caducae. Perigynium 
2i~3-ro bn. longum, \ lin. latum. Achenium 1 lin. longum, 
lin. latum, triquetrum, pallidum. Stylus teres, exsertus. 
Stigmata 3. 
This delicate species is apt to be mistaken for C. microglocbin, 
for when the stigmas have fallen, the exserted style is taken for 
the racheola of that plant. Lightfoot says the stigmas are some¬ 
times 2, I have always observed 3, and no author describes less. 
Linnaeus confounded it with C. pulicaris, and specimens of it are 
in his herbarium under that name. Drejer thinks that through 
C. subulata, Mich., it forms the first rudiment of the Vesicarice. 
Though so common in Europe, it has not been found in Asia. 
467. C. pediformis (Meyer); spica oblonga vel sub¬ 
elongata albo-castanea e spiculis 3-4 rarius 5-7 oblongis 
vel cylindraceis mascula 1 abbreviata sessili vel elliptica 
pedunculata reliquis femineis laxifloris pauci- vel pluri- 
floris superioribus contiguis vel omnibus alternatim dis¬ 
positis exserte pedunculatis ; bracteis vaginatis muticis 
vel cuspidatis vel brachyphyllis ; stigmatibus 3; perigy¬ 
niis obovatis obtuse triquetris late spongioso-stipitatis, 
rostello excurvo, ore obliquo, plus minus saepe costato- 
nervatis strigoso-hirtis viridibus ferrugineo-tinctis, squama 
ovata acuta vel mucronata rubro-castauea margine late 
albo hyalina longioribus vel brevioribus. — C. pediformis, 
Meyer, Mem. St. Bet. 1, 219, 1. 10 ; Ledeb. FI. Alt. 225 ; 
Kunth, 475; Kunze, 65, t. 16 ; Fries, Mant. 2, 57, et 
Summa, 235 ; Anders. 28, t. 7,/. 86; Lange, 115; FI. 
Boss. 290; Maxim. Brim. FI. Amur. Mem. St. Pet. 9, 
308, a et /3. C. pellucida et C. obliqua, Turcz. C. 
rhizodes, Digit. C. obovata, Goldbcich. {Ic. ined. 
DCLXII. in Herb. Kew .) 
Yar. rostrata, Maxim. 1. c. 
Hab. In Europa et Asia.—Norway and Finland. 
Russia: Siberia, Altai, Baikal, Amur, Kamtcliatka. 
Rhizoma lignosum, obliquum, repens. Culmus J-l-ped.,. 
gracilis, apice scaber, basi foliatus, vaginisque purpureis reti- 
culato-fissis tectus, pars spicigera 1^-6 poll, longa. Folia 
1 1 2 lin. lata, culmo (prsecipue sterilia) longiora, copiosa, ea 
anni prioris marcida novellis mixta. Bractece virides, apice ad 
