200 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAKEX. 
rotunda omnino feminca, una alterave ex inferioribus rarius 
mascula, vel flosculis masculis ad apicem vel mediam partem 
spicularum superiorum sitis. Squamce conformes, plerumque 
cuspidatee, nunc muticse. Perigynium l T 3 - 0 —lin. longum, 
frfo hn. latum, vel (cum stipite lin. longo) 2 lin. Ion- 
gum, t 7 5 lin. latum, ore antice secto ad margines anguste 
albo-hyalino, superne supra aehenium anguste alatum vel 
marginibus acutis serrulatis, infra marginibus obtusis lsevibus 
demum utrinque nervatis et inter nervos ferrugineo-puncta- 
tis. Aehenium lin. longum, ^ lin. latum, ellipticum 
vel oblongo-ovatum, lenticulare, castaneum, basi styli clavata. 
Sights liirsutulus. Stigmata 2, longa. 
Authors differ in describing the perigynium of this species, 
which, notwithstanding the spiculse are generally male at base, is 
closely allied to C. arenaria. Lange says, “ A basi fere mar gin e 
anguste alatis serrulato-ciliatisP Kunth, on the contrary, says, 
“ Utriculi superne marginato-alati, alis ciliato-scabris and 
Gay, “ TTtriculis exalatis, non nisi in rostro serrulatis. ” My own 
observation agrees with that of Kunth and Gay, the upper mar¬ 
gin being slightly winged or merely acute. I observe the ferru¬ 
ginous spots' in specimens from France and the Altai. The 
anthers are dentate at the apex, not mucronate as in G. arenaria, 
as shown in Schkuhr’s figure. His figure of the perigynium of G. 
Schreberi is inaccurate, ■wanting the distinct rostrum. I do not 
quote Fries or Andersson, as I have not seen a specimen from the 
north of Europe, and Grenier and Godron refer the G. Schreberi 
of Fries, Herb. Normale, to G. Ligerica. 
476. C. Bociata (Boott); spica subinde subelongata 
pallida, e spiculis 6-7 oblongo-cylindraceis erectis alterna- 
tim approximates, terminali mascula, reliquis femineis 
ima basi parce masculis densifloris vaginatis extremis 
singulis una alterave geminatis, inferioribus exserte pe- 
dunculatis ; bracteis vaginatis brevibus ; stigmatibus 3 ; 
perigyniis ovalibus obtuse triquetris basi acutis sensim 
rostratis, ore acute bifido, valide nervatis pubescentibus 
membranaceis pallidis viridibus, squama oblonga trun- 
cata vel emarginata vel subacuta hispido-cuspidata albida 
subaequilata longioribus.—C. sociata, Boott in Ringgold 
and Rodgers’s Exp. (Ic. ined. DCLXXIV. in Herb. 
Kew.) 
Hab. Ins. Loochoo et Ousima, Wnght {Herb. Gray). 
Culmus 5-16 pollices altus, triqueter, subvalidus, erectus, 
lie vis, basi breve foliatus; pars spicigera 31-6 poll, longa. 
Folia raclicalia 2-3 lin. lata, culmo longiora, rigida, plana; 
culmea brevia, angusta. Bractece omnes vaginata!, spiculis 
suis brevioribus. Vagince subtumidse, intus scabriusculse; 
infima 6-9 lin. longa. Pedunculus infimus 9 lin. ad 2| poll, 
longus, scaber. Spiculce 6-15 lin. longse, 1-2 lin. latse. 
Squamce omnes liispido-cuspidatse; masculce obtusse, fulvse, 
trinervatse, dorso scabrse; feminece inferiores longiores, sub- 
acutse. Perigynium 1-,A liu. longum, —f lin. latum. Ache- 
nium ff lin. longum, 4 lin. latum, acute triquetrum, faeiebus 
ad mediam transverse tumidis aliter concavis, nigro-purpu- 
reum, apice insigniter albo-annulatum, aunulo basin styli 
bulbosam cingente. In uuo perigyuio racheola minima lineari 
observata. 
477. C. Songarica (Karelin et Kirilow); spica oblonga 
vel elongata stramineo-purpurea, e spiculis 4-6 approxi- 
matis vel remotis, masculis 1-3 stramineis, femineis 2-4, 
superioribus vel omnibus oblongis sessilibus evaginatis, 
vel infima remota cylindrica vaginata longe exserte pe- 
dunculata nutante ; bractea infima culmum subaequante; 
stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis ovatis vel ellipticis teretibus 
abrupte vel sensim cylindrico-rostratis, ore bifurcato, 
ventricosis lucidis glabris nervatis spongiosis aurantiacis 
demum atro-purpureis, squama ovato-lanceolata acumi¬ 
nata cuspidata brevioribus vel longioribus.—C. Songarica, 
Karelin et Kiriloio, Bull. Roc. Blip. Mosc. 3, 521 (1842); 
FI. Boss. 4, 316; St cud. 237. C. Gebleri, Prescott; 
Boott, Linn. Trans. 20, 141 (1846); Steud. 234. {Ic. 
ined. DCLXXV. in Herb. Keiu.). 
Hab. In Asia. — In lierbosis insularum fl. Lepsa in 
Songaria, K. etK. Affghanistan, Griffith {Herb. Hooker). 
Culmus 1-1^-pedalis, triqueter, scaber, firmus; pars spicas 
gerens 2^-9 poll, longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, culmo breviora, 
firm a, carinata. Bractea infima subinde vaginata, ssepe cul- 
nium subsequans. Pedunculus infimus 1 lin. ad 2 poll, longus, 
filiformis, scabriusculus. Vagina infima 5-7 lin. longa. Spi¬ 
culce masculce 1-3 ; terminalis pollicaris, 2 lin. lata; alterse 2 
breviores, sessiles; in uno specimine e perigynio rupto egre- 
dientes. Spiculce feminece 5-16 lin. longse, 2-1 lin. latse, 
omnes approximates, sessiles, evaginatse, vel a se 1—11., vel in¬ 
fima (longe pedunculata vaginata nutans) 5 poll, remotse. 
Squamce masculce lanceolatse, acutse, nervo in superioribus ex- 
currente. Perigynium l-po-2-^ lin. longum, A~t 9 o lin. latum, 
demum ferrugineo- vel atro-purpureum. Aehenium fp lin. 
longum, lin. latum, obiongum, triquetrum, fulvum, basi 
styli oblique apiculatum. 
Yar. /3. minor; spicis 3 brevibus, femineis subrotundis; 
foliis angustis. 
A C. nutante, Host., differt perigyniis lucidis glaberrimis 
nec sulcatis, nervis prominentibus. 
In the paper iu the twentieth volume of the Linnean Transac¬ 
tions, I adopted the name which Prescott had given to this spe¬ 
cies ; and, being without a habitat, I conjectured that it might 
have come from the Altai. I had not at that time seen the paper 
in the Moscow Bulletin, by Karelin and Kirilow, published in 
1842. The G. melanostachya, Willd., is referred by Bieberstein 
and by Ledebour and the Fl. llossica, to C. nutans, Host., though 
Kunth alludes to some differences between the two; but in both 
the utriculi are described as “ sulcati," which is not the case in 
C. Songarica. I have since seen several specimens found by Grif¬ 
fith in Affghanistan. The bifurcate orifice of the perigynium se¬ 
parates this species from the Supines, and its affinity, I think, is 
with the Lucidce. 
The specimens figured are those of Griffith, from Affghanistan. 
478. C. stenophylla (Wahlenberg); spica capitata ro- 
tundata vel ovata vel oblonga nuda ferruginea saepe 
albo-variegata, e spiculis 3—6 arete congestis vel inferio- 
ribus subdiscretis apice masculis; bractea squamaeformi 
cuspidata; stigmatibus 2 rarius 3; perigyniis ovalibus 
vel ovatis rostratis, ore integro vel emarginato obliquo 
albo-hyalino, plano-convexis superne ad margines scabris 
stipitatis demum spongiosis nervatis atro-purpureis lu¬ 
cidis, squama ovata acuta vel obtusiuscula ferruginea 
margine saepe late albo-hyalina longioribus vel subaequan- 
tibus.—C. stenophylla, Wahl. Act. 142; Willd. 218; 
Schk./. 32 ; Kunth, 374; Biebst. 380; Ledebour, El. 
Alt. 208; Koch, 864; Reich, t. 200 ; Lange , 29 ; Fl. 
Boss. 270; Steud. 187. C. glomerata, Host, t. 44. 
C. juncifolia, Schk. C. Hosti, Schk. f. 32. C. durius- 
cula, Meyer, Mem. St. Petersb. 214, t. 8 ; Kunth, 374; 
Brejer, Rev. 22; Steud. 187. C. stenophylla, 7 , Fl. 
Ross. C. arctica, Deinb.; Fries, Mant. 3, 135, et Sum. 
222 ; Anders. 70, t. 3, /. 13. C. Deinbolliana, Gay, 
Ann. Sc. Nat. 11,183; Lange, 27; Steud. 190. C. in- 
