202 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
reliquis femineis laxifloris, superioribus raro apice mas- 
culis approximatis, inferioribus remotis longe exserte pe- 
dunculatis pendulis subinde basi compositis ; bracteis 
vaginalis spiculas superantibus ; stigmatibus 3 longis ; 
perigyniis ovalibus triquetris longe rostratis, ore hyalino 
bifido, enerviis, glabris vel rostro margine scabro olivaceis 
membranaceis, squama lanceolata acuta cuspidata albida 
nervo viridi scabro longioribus.—C. sylvatica, Hurls. FI. 
Angl. 353 (1762); FI. Ban. t. 404 ; Good. Linn. Trans. 2, 
183 ; Light. 562 ; Eng. Lot. t. 995 ; Smith, Eng. FI. 96 ; 
Schk. f. 101 ; Ledeb. FI. Alt. 230 ; Koch, 886 ; Gaud. 
Agrost. 173, et Helv. 110; Reich. 19, t. 242; Lange, 
123 ; Anders. 21, t. 8,/. 100; FI. Ross. 295; Gren. et 
Godr. 422; Maxim. Fl. Amur. 312; Tchihatch. As. 
Min. 577. C. Drymeja, Ehrh. Phyt. Wahl. Act. 153; 
Willd. 296, et Act. Berol. t. 3,/. 3 (1794); Biebst. 390; 
Kunth, 470 {easel. syn. Bewey, etc.). C. patula, Scop. Fl. 
Cam. 226, t. 59 (1772); Allioni, Bed. 271; Brot. 66; 
Fill. 214. C. capillar is. Leers. 202, t. 15,/. 2 {non Linn.). 
C. psilostachya, Kit. Willd. 289 {fide Kunth), {non C. 
psilostachya, Stem. 215, quoe C. paleata, Boott). C. 
emarcida, Sut. Fl. Iielv. 263 ; Gaud. Ayr. 173 ; Be Cand. 
Fl. Franc. 6, 297 (“ C. patula /3.”). C. laxula, Tin. 
mss., fide Parlatore, Herb. Boott. {Ic. ined. DCLXXIX.- 
DCLXXX. in Herb. Kew.) 
Hab. In Europa, Asia.—-Norway, Sweden, Denmark, 
to Italy, Portugal, Constantinople. Caucasus, Ural, Al¬ 
tai, Baikal, Davuria, Amur. 
Radix fibrosa. Culmus 1-2-ped., lsevis, basi foliatus, pars 
spicigera 3-12 poll, longa. Folia 1-3 lin. lata, culmo bre- 
viora, plana, graminea. Bractece foliacese, vaginatse, spiculas 
superantes. Vagina infima ssepe 1^-2 poll, longa. Pedun- 
culus infimus nunc 6-7 poll, longus, triqueter, filiformis, 
scaber. Spicula mascula i~2-^ poll, longa, lineam lata, rarius 
2, flosculisque femineis versus apicem instructa. Spiculce 
feminece poll, longse, 2 lin. latse, rarius superiores apice 
masculse, inferioresque vel omnes basi spiculis 1-3 brevibus 
compositse, omnes alternatim remotse vel superiores approxi¬ 
mate ; infima longissima exserte pedunculata. Squamae con- 
formes. Perigynium 2 T 1 a _ ro lin. longum, K~fo lin. latum, 
rostro apice membranaceo albido. Achenium conforme, 1,' yf 
lin. longum, f -,% lin. latum, ellipticum, faciebus basi con- 
caviusoulis, basi styli sequali recta apiculatum. 
I cannot detect any characters to justify even varieties of this 
species, unless we were to multiply them beyond what authors 
have described. It varies in the length of the spikes, the occa¬ 
sional presence of female florets on the male spicula, and of male 
florets at the top of the female ones, and the female being occa¬ 
sionally compound. The C. patula, (3, of De Cand., is probably the 
var. (3. Thomasoni of Reich., and the C. laxula of Tineo, but I do not 
find any marked difference in them from the typical form, which 
occasionally, as may be seen in Tab. DCLXXIX., has very abbre¬ 
viate spiculse on the same root with others of the average length. 
I find the perigynium in them varies from l T s o~2^ lin. longum, 
T %~^g- lin. latum. 
Wahlenberg, Fl. Lapp. 244, has corrected the error of Smith, 
who had referred the G. vesicaria, (3, Linn. Fl. Lapp., to G. sylvatica. 
Under C. ampullacea he says, “ Nec quis Botanieorum Suecanorum 
unquam dubitavit, quin base sit Florae Lapp. n. 328, quod synony- 
mon a G. sylvatica, Huds., longe abhorret, quae planta nonnisi 
ducenta miliaria Svecana a Lapponia crescit.” 
The specimens figured are English ones. 
482. C. transversa (Boott); spica oblonga fusca, e 
spiculis 3-4 contiguis erectis, terminali mascula cylin- 
drica vel oblonga tenui ferruginea subsessili, reliquis 
femineis oblongis fuscis inserte vel infima subremota 
exserte pedunculata; bracteis vaginatis culmo longiori¬ 
bus ; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis ovalibus triquetris in 
rostrum longum tenue sensim attenuatis, ore membra¬ 
naceo pallido integro alte oblique secto, crebre liervosis 
glabris divergentibus, squama ovata acuminata acuta 
longe setaceo-aristata albida latioribus longioribus.—C. 
transversa, Boott, Berry Exp. 2, 324 (1826). {Ic. ined. 
DCLXXXI. in Herb. Kew.) 
Hab. Japan, Dr. Morrow, Wright {N. Pacific Exp.). 
Culmus 24-petlalis, gracilis, obtuse triqueter, lsevis, inferne 
foliatus; pars spicas gerens 1poll, longa. Folia 1| lin. 
lata, culmo longiora, viridia. Bractece vaginatse, culmum 
longe superantes; infima nunc sterilis, 3 poll, remote. Vagina 
infima 3-12 lineas longa. Spicula mascula 12-15 lineas 
longa, 1 lineam lata, vel abbreviata 6 lin. longa, spicas supe¬ 
riores vix superans, squamis longius aristatis. Spiculas femi¬ 
nece 8-15 lineas longse, 4 lineas latse; infima 2-3 pollices 
remota. Squamae omnes aristatse. Perigynium 2K- 3 lineas 
longum, -jL lin. latum (rostro It 3 —-fo b n - long., ima basi 
demum constricto supra tumescente), fusco-olivaceum, ore 
demum ferrugineo. Achenium l T -„ lin. longum, T s - [r lin. latum, 
ovale, triquetrum, angulis acutis, faciebus concaviusculis, pal¬ 
lidum, basi styli decidua (supra basin persistentem sequalem) 
tumida. 
A C. tumida, Boott, Illustr. 66, t. 181, differt inflorescentia 
breviore, spicis oblongis, latioribus approximatis; perigyniis 
majoribus divergentibus, rostro longiore, ore integro oblique 
secto, basi styli incrassata; foliis angustioribus. 
483. C. vacillans (Solander); spica elongata cinna- 
momea concolori e spiculis 5-9 cylindricis, masculis 1-4 
vel terminali apice medioque feminea, reliquis ima basi 
masculis, superioribus approximatis, inferioribus longe 
exserte pedunculatis nutantibus subinde compositis,infima 
ssepe radicali; bracteis inferioribus vaginatis culmo lon¬ 
gioribus ; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis fusiformibus plano- 
triquetris rostratis acute bifidis nervosis deciduis glabris, 
laciniis oris scabris, squama lanceolata cuspidata longi¬ 
oribus.—C. vacillans, Solander, mss. Herb. Banks ; Boott 
in Hooker Fl. K. Zealand, 1, 285 {non Steudel, p. 235, 
quae C. riparia, Curt.). {Ic. ined. DCLXXXII. in Herb. 
Kew.) 
Hab. In Nova Zelandia.—Prope Opuragi, Solander, 
Herb. Banks. Bay of Islands, Br. Sinclair, Colenso, 
Herb. Hooker. Balls of the Keri Keri, J. B. Hooker. 
Wellington, Ralph. 
Culmus 11-pedalis, gracilis, scaber, basi foliatus; pars spicas 
gerens 6-9 poll, longa vel longior. Folia 2-3 lin. lata, culmo 
breviora vel longiora, rigida. Spiculce masculce 1-2 pollices 
longse, 1—1J lin. latse, in uno specimine apice medioque femi- 
nese; reliquse 1-3^ pollices longse, l|-2 lin. latse; superiores 
contiguse, sessiles vel iucluse vaginatse; infima remota, ssepe 
radicalis, longissime exserte pedunculata, omnes basi attenuatse 
parce masculse; inferiores subinde basi spicula 1 alterave 
composita. Pedunculi 3 lin. ad 10 pollices longi, filiformes, 
scabri. Vaginae |-1| pollices longse, purpurese. Squamae 
omnes conformes. Perigynium l x s —2 to bn. longum, T V-ro 
lin. latum, demum inter nervos validos pallidos purpureo- 
maculatum. Achenium 1 lin. longum, \ lin. latum, oblongo- 
triquetrum, castaneum, basi styli apiculatum, stipitatum. 
