206 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
C. acuta: for mis, Brot. FI. Lusit. 66 (1804). C. longe- 
aristata, Bivon, Manip. 8, t. 2 (1816); Guss. PI. Neap. 
367 ; Kunth, 520 ; Steucl. 367. C. provincialis, Begl. 
in Lots. Gall. t. 31 (1828); Kunze, t. 18. C. retusa, 
Begl. 1. c. 307, t. 30. C. cuspidata, Begl. l.c. 294? 
C. Soleirolii, Duty, FI. Gall. 491 (1828); Kunth, 520 ; 
Steud. 237. C. serrulata, Mu lei. FI. Franc. 395 (1836). 
C. obtusangulus, Salzrn. Pi. Cors. Fees. 
Hab. In Europa meridionali et Africa.—South of 
France to Greece. Barbary. 
Rhizoma crassum, lignosum. Culmus 2-6-pedalis, validus, 
obtusangulus, Levis, basi foliosus, vaginis atro-purpureis fo- 
liorum grosse (fibris coloratis) reticulato-fissis; pars spicigera 
9-18 poll, longa. Folia 3-6 lin. lata, longissima, glauca, cari- 
nata, rigida. Bractea infima subiude bipedalis, evaginata, 
vel vagina 2-6 lin. longa instructa. Spiculce masculce 1-3 
poll, longse, 1—2A lin. latte ; inferiores nunc ternatse ; ferninece 
2-4 poll, longse, 3-7 lin. latse, singulse vel geminatse (una 
earum omnino apice masculse) vel ternatse, extrerme singulse; 
superiores ssepe subdimidiatim apice masculse; inferiores nunc 
remotse, rectse, vel rarius basi attenuate, subnutantes, longe 
exserte pedunculatse. Peclunculus plerumque brevis, vel 41 
poll, longus. Squamce masculce obtuse mutice, purpurese, 
margine angustse, hyalinse; ferninece in una eademque spicula 
ssepe muticse, vel plus minus aristatse. Perigynium 2— lin. 
longum, lAj-n; hn. latum. Achenium -,U lin. longum, 
lin. latum, obovatum, triquetrum, basi styliequali apiculatum. 
I must refer to Drejer’s elaborate observations, in bis ‘ Sym¬ 
bol®,’ on the synonymy and affinity of this species. In Europe 
its more immediate allies are C. glauca and C. trinervis, Degl.; 
but in South America there is a species, O. laciniata, B., more 
closely resembling it. The stigmata are occasionally two, but I 
have not found a corresponding lenticular achenium. But most 
of the specimens I have want mature perigynia. I think the 
name of Desfontaines, as the first and most appropriate, should be 
adopted, as the species once known by it is now universally 
known as the common C. stellulala. 
Tab. is a specimen from Algiers, which I owe to the 
kindness of M. Spach. 
Tab. 
n. 1. A specimen from Sicily, from Parlatore, the “ C. longe- 
a/nstata, Bivon.” 
n. 2. A specimen from Cintra, Portugal, sent to me by the 
late Daniel Sharpe, E.G.S.; the lower male spicule 
ternate, the upper geminate, one composed of a 
male and a female conspicuously male at top. 
n. 3. A specimen of “ O. Soleirolii ,” from the Paris Garden, 
grown from seed from Corsica, sent by M. Spach. 
Tab. . Specimens from Cintra, with the female spi- 
culse narrow, alternate at base, on long peduncles 
and subnutant, the squamae generally muticse, or 
the lower mucronate. 
492. C. Ecklonii (Nees) ; spicis 4-5 contiguis ob- 
longis sessilibus, mascula 1 ssepe abbreviata bracteata, 
reliquis femineis congestis evaginatis glauco-ferrugineis, 
infima subinde remota inserte vel brevi exserte peduncu- 
lata ; bracteis planis culmum longe superantibus erectis ; 
stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis ovalibus obtuse triquetris sen- 
sim rostellatis bifidis glabris vel rostro ad margines 
scabro costato-nervatis glaucescentibus demum ferru- 
gineo-punctatis, squama ovata obtusa emarginata vel 
acuta valide cuspidata ferruginea medio pallida nervata 
longioribus. 
Yar. /3. angustifolia. —C. Ecklonii, Nees, Linncea, 10, 
203; Kunth, 517; Kunze, 25, t. 5. 
Hab. Cape of Good Hope. 
Culmus 3-9-pollicaris, obtusangulus, validus, Levis ; pars 
spicas gerens 8 lin.-21 poll, longa. Folia 1-2 lin. lata, culmo 
longiora, carinato-plana, rigida, flaccida. Bractece evaginate, 
vel infima ssepe sterili 11-4 poll, remota vaginata. Vagina 
infima 8-18 lin. longa. Spica mascula 3-5 lin. longa, ferru¬ 
ginea, bractea squamseformi cuspidata subsequilonga suf- 
fulta. Spicce ferninece 4-6 lin. longse, 3 lin. latse, congestse; 
vel infima 11 poll, remota. Squamce omnes longiuscule 
valideque cuspidate, truncatse vel emarginatse, vel subacutse. 
Perigynium 2-2-A lin. longum, 1 lin. latum. Achenium 1— 
lin. longum, T s d bn. latum, obovatum, triquetrum, stipitatum, 
castaneum, angulis pallidis, basi styli sequali obliqua apicu¬ 
latum. 
So like in habit, especially the var. /3, to C. extensci, that I 
think it must be considered a variety of that widely-diffused plant. 
The culm is more robust; the leaves piano-carinate, yellowish ; 
the squam® often emarginate, with a longer cuspidation; the pe¬ 
rigynium rather larger, more bifid, with the margins of the rostrum 
occasionally scabrous, 
In C. extensa, the involution of the leaves is certainly a very 
constant character, though the old ones are unfolded. Cosson 
and Germain, in their El. des Env. de Paris, p. 606, refer the 
Mennecy C. evoluta with plane leaves to C. filiforniis ; and the 
specimens I have seen from that locality are intermediate in 
development between the northern C. evoluta, Hart., and the 
C. Jiliformis, L. Upon this view, I think that future observers 
may see cause to unite the C. lanuginosa, Mich., C. Wallicliiana, 
Prescott, and C. cematliorliyncha, Desv., to the typical form of 
Linneus. 
493. C, ericetorum (Pollich); spica brevi ferruginea 
albida, e spiculis 2-4 approximatis densifloris sessilibus, 
terminali mascula clavato-oblonga, femineis 1-3 subinde 
apice masculis oblongis ; bractea infima amplectente vel 
brevissime vaginata purpurea, spicula breviore; stigma¬ 
tibus 3; perigyniis obovatis obtuse trigonis rostellatis, 
ore integro ciliato strigoso, liirtis enerviis fuscis basi pal¬ 
lidis, squama oblonga obtusa mutica fusco-ferruginea 
margine late albo-liyalina ciliata subaequilata paulo lon¬ 
gioribus.'—C. ericetorum, Poll. Pal. 886; Wald. Act. 159 ; 
Schk.f. 42; ILoppe , Ic. 70; Koch, 876; Bertol. 85 ; Gaud. 
Llelv. 6, 81; Lange, 108; Beich. 26, t. 262; Anders. 
30, t. 7, f. 83; FI. Boss. 303; Gren. et Godr. 414; 
Steud. 217. C. ciliata, Willd. 261; Gaud. Agr. 133. 
C. globularis, Gaud. Ftr. ( non Willd.). C. montana, Leers, 
t. 16,/. 6 [fide Koch). C. brachyphylla, Turcz. ( fide 
FI. Boss). C. inornata, Turcz. {fide FI. Boss). C. mem- 
branacea, Hoppe, Lc. 71; Beich. 26, t. 262. C. approxi- 
mata, Allioni {fide Koch, Bertol.). 
Hab. In Europa et Asia. — Norway. Sweden to 
Italy. Caucasus, Altai, Baikal, Davuria. 
Rhizoma repens, stoloniferum, reliquis foliorum fibratis fer- 
rugineis vestitum. Culmus 3-12 pollices altus, gracilis, Levis, 
obtuse trigonus, basi foliatus; pars spicigera 9-20 poll, longa. 
Folia sterilia 1-2 lin. lata, rigida, plana, carinata, culmo 
breviora, demum patentia ; culmea brevia, angusta. Bractece 
purpurese; infima subinde vaginulata, cuspidata, spicula ejus 
brevior. Vagina 1-11 lin. longa. Spicula mascula 4-10 lin. 
longa, 1-11 lin. lata; ferninece 3-6 lin. longse, 2 lin. latse, in¬ 
fima nunc brevissime pedunculata, subinde apice flosculis mas¬ 
culis paucis instructse. Squamce conformes, apice eonspicue 
albo-hyalinse, ciliatse ; masculce rotundato-obtussimse, imbri¬ 
cate ; ferninece subinde obtusiusculse. Perigynium l-, 2 ( y—rd 
lin. longum, Brro bn. latum. Achenium conforme, -A-to 
