ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX, 
207 
lin. longum, T %—,^, 7 lin. latum, obovatum, obtuse triquetrum., 
pallidum, basi styli sequali apiculatum. 
I have specimens of G.»ie«*5ra?zace«,Hoppe, from Hoppe,and can¬ 
not see that it differs from the plant of Pollich. Hoppe describes 
the squamae as elliptic and entire, “glumam integerrimam.” His 
specimens distinctly show that they are occasionally ciliate. Koch 
says merely, “ glumis magis oblongis and Reichenhach, “ squa- 
mis non ciliatis fructus sequantibus,”—the last character con¬ 
tradicted by his own figure, as seen in the enlarged spicula, and 
in the figure Hoppe has given of it. 
The inflorescence, form of the perigynium, and rigid leaves, 
distinguish this species from C. montana. 
The specimens figured are from the Palatinate. 
494. C. extensa (Goodenough) ; spicis 3-5 contiguis 
abbreviates vel oblongis, masculis 1-2 sessilibus, reliquis 
femineis subinde apice masculis glauco-ferrugineis sub- 
rotundis vel cylindraceis, superioribus vel omnibus evagi- 
natis contiguis sessilibus vel infima remota inserte vel 
brevi exserte pedunculata rarius basi composita; bracteis 
culmum longe superantibus demum patentibus vel de- 
flexis, infima nunc vaginata; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis 
ovalibus vel obovatis compresso-subtriquetris sensim vel 
abrupte rostellatis bidentatis glabris costato-nervatis 
glaucis vel olivaceis pellucide demum ferrugineo-punc- 
tatis, squama ovata obtusa mucronata ferruginea medio 
viridi nervata longioribus. — C. extensa, Good. Linn. 
Trans. 2, 175, t. 21,/. 7 (1792); Wiild. 268; Schk. 
V. etxx . ; Wall. Act. 151 ; Kunth, 447 ; Link , Sort. Her. 
358; Koch, 885; Hoppe et St. Icon.; Biebst. 614; Beich. 
30, i. 274 ; Andersson, 26, t. l,f. 91; Lange, 129; FI. 
Boss. 299; Smith, Eng. FI. 108; Eng. Bot. t. 833; 
Bertol. 100; Gren. et Godron, 426. C. Balbisii sp. ; 
Beich. ; Bertol. C. nervosa, Desf. FI. Alt. 2, 337 (1798) ; 
Gusson, FI. Sic. 572. C. Peruviana, Brest• Kunth, 447 ; 
Steud. 221. C. Genuensis, Bee. ?; Steud. 206. 
Hab. In Europa.—Shores of the Baltic to Italy, 
Sicily, and Spain. Africa : Algiers. Asia: Tauria, 
Caucasus. North America: seashore. New York, Mr. 
Allen (1861). South America, Ferer. San Pueblo, 
Mexico, Gregg. Bio Negro, Patagonia, Wilkes [Herb. 
Gray ). 
Culmus i-l|-pollicaris, obtusangulus, lasvis ; pars spicas 
gerens f,— 8 poll, longa. Folia involuta ; senescentia ssepe ex- 
plicata, 1-2 lin. lata. Bradece involute; infima solum sub¬ 
inde vaginata. Spica mascula 3-9 lin. longa, ssepe obliqua, 
altera brevior ssepe adest, ferruginea, sessilis. Spicce feminece 
3-12 lin. longae, 2-3 lin. late; infima quando remota va¬ 
ginata. Vagina 2-16 lin. longa. Squamae omnes mucro- 
nulate, vel masculse inferiores muticse. Perigijnium ItVA 
lin. longum, pp lin. latum, achenium laxe vestiens. Achenium 
tV* 1 hn. longum, r G 0 — to lin- latum, ovale triquetrum, basi 
styli sequali oblique apiculatum. 
This species, common in Europe, has lately been found near 
New York by Mr. Allen ; and I have no hesitation in referring 
the G. Peruviana, Presl, to it, as I have had the opportunity of 
examining, through the kindness of Dr. Torrey, a specimen from 
Mexico, found by Mr. Gregg ; and of Dr. Gray, three specimens 
from the Wilkes expedition, found on the banks of the Rio Negro, 
Patagonia, one of which resembled the more vigorous form de¬ 
scribed by Desfontaines under the name of O. nervosa. 
In 70 specimens, I find only 10 with 2 male spikes ; and in 4, 
the lower female compound. In one from Sicily, the terminal 
spike had some female florets in the middle, and in one of Wilkes 
at the top. The involution of the leaves is very constant, except 
that they expand by age. 
I have never seen the O. Genuensis, Dec,, nor do I find any 
allusion to it by later authors ; but I suspect from the description 
that it is not distinct. 
495. C. ferruginea (Scopoli) ; spica ssepe elongata vi- 
ridi-ferruginea, e spiculis 2-4 rarius 5 gracilibus remotis, 
terminali mascula subinde elongata, reliquis femineis laxi- 
floris exserte pedunculatis nutantibus, suprema rarius ses- 
sili, infima ssepe distanti longissime pedunculata pendula; 
stigmatibus 3; bracteis vaginatis culmo brevioribus; 
perigyniis fusiformibus angustioribus vel ellipticis sub- 
turgidis triquetris breve rostratis, ore purpureo aperto 
ciliato emarginato vel integro, superne pilis brevibus mar- 
ginibusque (semper) scabris vel glabris nervatis demum 
fusco-purpureis, squama ovata obtusa mutica vel mucro¬ 
nata ferruginea margine anguste albo-hyalina longioribus. 
—C. ferruginea, Scop. Cam. 882 (1772); Wahl. Act. 
154; Koch, 882; Beich. 21, t. 248; Gren. et Godr. 
420. C. Mieliclihoferi, Schk. /. 198 {non Smith ) ; 
Wiild. 275; Kunth, 466; Link, 361. C. Scopoliana, 
Wiild. 292; Schk. f. 199. C. Scopolii, Gaud. Agrost. 
168, et Llelv. 6, 118 ; Bertol. 118. C. brevifolia, Host , 
Kunth, 466. C. geniculata, Host, Kunth. C. spadicea, 
Bee. FI. Fr. 3, 120. 
Hab. In Europa, — Alps, Switzerland, Tyrol. 
Radix stolonifera, repens. Culmus 1-1/pedalis, gracilis, 
obtuse trigonus, apice scabriusculus, basi foliatus; pars spici- 
gera 3—12 poll, longa. Folia sub lineam lata, SEepe involuta; 
culmea culmo multum breviora; sterilia elongata, graminea. 
Bradece vaginate, spiculas superantes. Vagina infima sub- 
semipollicaris. Pedunculi capillacei; infimus 1-9 poll, longus. 
Spicula mascula 8—21 lin. longa, sub lineam lata; feminece 4— 
14 lin. longse, 1-2 lin. late, plerumque laxiflorse, remote, pe¬ 
dunculate ; in uno specimine apice parce mascute, infima 
basi spicula altera brevi composita. Squamae masculce longiores, 
obtusse, ssepe truncate; feminece rarius acute; omnes ssepe 
nervo centrali plus minus extra producto scabro, margine 
anguste albo-liyalinse, rarius in muticis apice ciliate. Peri¬ 
gynium fusiforme vel oblongo-ellipticum, stipitatum, 1 1 S (7 -2 T \ 
lin. longum, pp lin. latum, achenium arete vestiens, superne 
pilis brevibus asperatum, marginibus scabris, demum fusco- 
purpureum, vel ovale subturgidum, nisi marginibus glabrum, 
hnr 6°- longum, Ao -fo b n - latum, achenium laxe vestiens, 
ore purpureo, aliter pallidum. In utraque forma ore aperto 
ciliato integro vel emarginato. Achenium pp lin. longum, 
Ao b n - latum, basi acutum, triquetrum, purpureum, punctu- 
latum, basi styli clavata recta abrupte apiculatum. 
Gaudin says, “ fructus superficie in nostris ornnino lseves,” but 
I find in all my specimens except those from Hoppe (Mont. JJn- 
terslerg) that the perigynium is rough at top. 
The specimens figured are— 
1. From the Bavarian Alps, from Zuccarini, 
2. Switzerland, from Wahlenberg. 
3. From Hoppe, Mont. Untersberg. 
496. C. fimbriata (Schkuhr); spica oblonga purpureo- 
albida, e spiculis 2-4 oblongis remotis erectis, mascula 1 
rarius 2 longiore, femineis 1-3, suprema ssepe sessili 
ovata, infima basi attenuato-laxiflora brevi exserte pedun¬ 
culata ; bracteis inferioribus vaginatis, infima spicam 
masculam attingente; stigmatibus 3 ; perigyniis ovalibus 
3 i 
