208 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
breve rostratis, ore emarginato bidentato margine an- 
gusto albo-hyalino, pilis brevibus subinde undique vel 
sursum asperatis, marginibus scabris nervatis apice pur- 
pureis, squama ovata obtusa vel acuta mutica vel mucro- 
uata fusco-purpurea, marginibus albo-hyalinis, nervo pal- 
lido ssepe scabro, paulo longioribus vel subaequantibus.— 
C. fimbriata, Schk. fi. 165 (1806); Kunth, 465 ; Reich,. 
21, t. 248 ; Steud. 229. C. hispidula, Gaud. Agrost. 
186 (1811), et Helv. 6, 88; Dec. FI. Fr. 6, 292 ; Koch , 
882; Lange, 119; Gren. et Godr. 419. 
Hab. In Europa. — Alps of Switzerland. 
Rhizoma repens, stoloniferum. Culmus 2-15-poll., acute 
triqueter, scaber, gracillimus, basi foliatus vaginisque foliorum 
ferrugineis tectus; pars spicigera 1-31 poll, longa. Folia sub 
lineam lata, apice longe atteuuata, carinata, rigida, culmo bre- 
viora vel sequantia; culmea steriliaqne sequilonga. Bractece 
brevi vaginatee, vel summse evaginatse; omnes spiculis suis lon- 
giores; infima subinde fere culmum sequans. Vaginae 2-6 lin. 
longaa. Pedunculus infimus 2-18 lin. longus. Spicula mas- 
cula 6—12 lin. long., sub lineam lata, basi attenuata, rarius ad 
basin spicula altera brevi; fcminece 3-9 lin. longas, 11 lin. 
latae; suprema sessilis, evaginata, vel omnes breve exserte vel 
florifercs inserte pedunculate. Ad basin spicule mascule 
subinde adsunt floscule feminee 1—2, ei contigue, quasi rudi- 
menta spicularum. In uno specimine spicula feminea suprema 
apice parce mascula. Squamae omnes atro-purpuree, nervo 
pallido, infra apicem evanido vel producto, margine albo-liya- 
line, firme. Perigynium l-A-Ao lin. longum, tV-At li n - 
latum. Achenium, cum stipite lin. longo, l T '- 0 - lin. longum, 
-nr bn- latum, ellipticum, triquetrum, griseum, basi styli equali 
recta apiculatum. 
A C. sempervirente, Vill., differt rbizomate repente stolo- 
nifero, culmo acutangulo, foliis culmis longioribus rigidis 
attenuatis; bracteis longioribus; pedunculis brevioribus; 
perigyniis ovalibus, breve rostratis, ore bidentato, pilis magis 
diffusis, squamam subequantibus. 
I have retained the name of Schkuhr as the earliest, and if not 
applicable to the squamse it is to the perigyniuni. Schkuhr in 
his figure corrected the error of his description, for the squamse 
in it are not fimbriate. The short rostrum and- bidentate orifice, 
hyaline only at the margin, and the creeping rhizoma and acute 
angles of the culm distinguish this species. 
The specimens figured are—- 
1. From the Zermat Alps, from M. Gay. 
2. From Swiss Alps, from Reichenbach. 
3. From the Zermat, from Kunze. 
4. From Switzerland, Schleicher, with 2 male spiculas and a 
male floret at the top of the upper female. 
497. C. firma (Host) ; spica plerumque abbreviata 
ferruginea, e spiculis 2-4 parvis ovalibus erectis, termi- 
nali mascula, reliquis femineis remotiusculis vel conti- 
guis, suprema sessili, inferioribus vaginatis, infima ssepe 
radicali longissime exserte pedunculata; bracteis spicula 
brevioribus; stigmatibus 3; perigyniis lanceolatis tri- 
quetris longiuscule rostratis, ore bilobato truncato vel 
integro obliquo hyalino subinde ciliato, glabris margini¬ 
bus acutis scabris pallidis, rostro ferrugineo, obscure 
leviter nervatis vel enerviis, squama oblongo-ovata acuta 
vel obtusa mutica vel mucronata ferruginea nervo pallido 
angustioribus longioribus.—C. firma, Host, Syn. 509 
(1797), et Gram. t. 75 ; Lam. Enc. 3, 274; Wahl. Act. 
157; Willd. 286; Schk. 0. et Y. fi. 54; Kunth, 464; 
Koch, 882 ; Lange, 120 ; Reich. 21, t. 247 ; Rertol. 
128; Gaud. Agrost. 164, et Helv. 116; Gren. et Godr. 
421 ; Steudel, 229 ; Hoppe, Icon. 89. C. pauciflora, 
TJrter. {fide Schk.) . C. spadicea, Gmel. {jide Schk.). 
C. rigida, Schrank {fide Willd). C. strigosa, Suter. 
{fide Gaudin). 
Hab. In Europa. — Alps of Germany, Tyrol, Switzer¬ 
land. 
Radix dense csespitosa. Culmus 2^-6-poll., ltevis, obsolete 
trigonus, rectus vel apice curvatus, basi breve foliatus; pars 
spicigera 1-2 poll, longa. Folia culmea brevia, angusta; 
radicalia copiosa, culmo breviora, 1-2 lin. lata, acuta, rigida, 
patentia, plana, apice triquetra, scabra. Bractece vaginatge, 
spiculis suis breviores. Vagina 2-5 lin. longa. Pedunculus 
infimus subinde 1| poll, longus. Spiculce 3-6 lin. long;®, 
11-2 lin. latse; omnes contiguse, sessiles, vel alternatim remo- 
tiusculEe, pedunculate ; infima ssepe radicalis. Squamce con- 
formes ; mascule obtuse, mutice, margine hyaline ; feminee 
subinde mucronate. Perigynium 2-2 A lin. longum, 
lin. latum, ore emarginato bilobato, lobulis truncatis angus- 
tissime margine albo-hyalinis, vel integro obliquo hyalino 
subinde ciliato, glabrum, marginibus acutis scabris. Ache¬ 
nium ltb fin- longum, lin. latum, conforme, ellipticum, 
triquetrum, fuscum, basi styli clavato apiculatum. 
The orifice of the perigynium remarkably varies. It is, as 
figured by Schkuhr, Reichenbach, and Hoppe, entire, oblique, and 
hyaline, or bilobed with truncate lobes, but slightly hyaline at the 
margin, as Koch says. Kunth describes it as bidentate, and 
Gaudin says “ quandoque obliquo.” The cilia, so conspicuous in 
Schk. f. y, are not always present. 
The specimens figured are :— 
Tab. , from the Righi and the Alps of Salzburg. 
Tab. , a specimen from Hoppe, evidently cultivated, 
though the ticket sent with it does not say so. 
498. C. frigida (Allioni) ; spica atro-purpurea elonga- 
ta, e spiculis 4-8 oblongis, terminali mascula rarius basi 
mascula subsessili, reliquis femineis superioribus con- 
tiguis sessilibus, inferioribus remotis exserte pedunculatis 
nutantibus; bracteis vaginatis culmo brevioribus; stig¬ 
matibus 3; perigyniis lanceolatis sensim rostratis, ore 
bifido concolori, nervatis glabris marginibus serratis luci- 
dis fusco-purpureis basi albidis, squama ovata acuminata 
vel mucronata fusco-purpurea, nervo pallido seabro, sub- 
duplo longioribus.— C. frigida, Allioni, Red. 270 (1785); 
Villars, Dauph. 215; Willd. 275; Schk. f. 47; Kunth, 
462; Koch, 881; Gaud. Agrost. 172, et Helv. 6, 121; 
Parlat. FI. Ital. 195 ; Rertol. 121 ; Lange, 117 ; Gren. 
et Godr. 419; Steud. 228. C. fuliginosa, Wahl. Helv. 
170, et Carp. 299; Host. t. 93; Reich. 21, t. 249. 
C. geniculata, Host, t. 94. C. approximata, Allion, 267? ; 
Schk. f. 137 ; Willd. 283 {fide Willd. et Schk.) ; Gaud. 
Rertol. Pi. Allioni ad C. ericetorum, refit). C. spa¬ 
dicea, Schk. C. csespitosa, Ten. Viag. in Calab. {fide 
Kunth). 
Hab. In Europse alpibus. — Switzerland, Pyrenees, 
Corsica. 
Rhizoma repens, stoloniferum. Culmus 3-12-poll., triqueter, 
inter spiculas scaber, basi ad medium foliatus. Folia 2 lin. 
lata, culmo breviora. Bractece inferiores vagin a tee, spiculis 
ssepius longiores. Spiculce (nisi feminese 1-2 superiores ab- 
breviatse) subpollicares, 3-4 lin. latse; terminalis sessilis vel 
breve pedunculata, rarius basi plerumque omnino mascula ; 
