210 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
Hab. In Euro pa, Asia.—Britain, Denmark, Norway, 
Sweden, to Constantinople. Tauria, Caucasus, Baikal, 
Davuria, FI. Boss. 
Rhizoma cylindricum, squamosum, longe repens. Culmus 7— 
15-pollicaris, kevis, apice inter spiculas scaber, foliatus; pars 
spicigera 4-12 poll, longa. Folia plana, 1-3 lin. lata, subtus 
prsecipue vaginseque ad faucem dense pilosse. Bractece foli- 
acese, elongate, vaginatse. Spiculce masculce e femineis remotse, 
alternatim contiguse, sessiles; suprema ssepe pollicaris; infima 
nunc subremota, bracteata; feminece |-2 pollices longse, 3-4 
lin. latse; inferiores longe exserte pedunculatse, ssepe com- 
positse, distantes. Squamae masculce apice dense pilosse, pur- 
purese, margine hyalinse, ciliatse, obtusse vel abrupte apiculatse, 
vel acutse, mucronatse; feminece plus minus longe aristatse, 
sparse pilosse vel glabrse. Perigynium 3-3 4 lin. longum, 1- 
1-^ lin. latum. Achenium l-fV'wo hn. longum, T 7 0 - 1 R 0 - lin. 
latum, ovale vel obovatum, triquetrum, angulus centralis pos¬ 
ticus, pallidum, basi styli apiculatum. 
Goodenougk, in a note in the appendix to bis paper says, 
“planta in aquosis variat vaginis glabris.” The degree of smooth¬ 
ness is very variable. All the parts, except the culm and some¬ 
times the female squamae, but especially the under surface of the 
leaves, the apex of the vaginae of the leaves, and of the male 
squamae, are hairy. In the FI. Ross, a variety is noticed from 
Turcz. Davuria with nearly smooth perigynia. I have 2 speci¬ 
mens from him, sent to me by M. Fischer, on which the upper 
part of the perigynium is slightly pilose. The degree of com¬ 
position in the spiculae is variable, sometimes, as in Scbkuhr’s 
admirable figure, all the female are compound, or the lower one 
only partially 
perigynium. 
I find in 32 
so, these accessory spiculse issuing from a modified 
specimens:—•' 
8 with 4 
spikes. 9 with 2 male. 
3 with 1 female. 
16 „ 5 
19 „ 3 
20 „ 2 
5 „ 6 
3 „ 4 
8 „ 3 
CO 
1 „ 6 
1 „ 4 
32 
32 
32 
A C. Houghtonii, Tor., differt spicis femineis remotis vagi- 
natis, perigyniis longioribus alte bicuspidatis, squamis (longe 
aristatis) foliis (mollibus) vaginisque pilosis. 
The specimens figured are:— 
Tab. , specimens from Germany, with creeping rhi¬ 
zome, partially pilose. 
2 spikes, more pilose, England. 
Tab. , varieties:— 
n. 1. Denmark, Wahl., with long squamae. 
n. 2. Copgrove, branched spiculse, SchJc.f. B. u. u. 
n. 3. Terminal spiculse male at base, England. 
502. C. holostoma (Drejer) ; spicis 3 glaucescenti-pur- 
pureis, mascula abbreviata ssepe inconspicua vel obsoleta 
sessili, femineis 2 oblongis gracilibus erectis contiguis bre- 
viter pedunculatis masculam superantibus; bractea auri- 
culata spicam saepe superante ; stigmatibus 3 brevibus; 
perigyniis ( immaturis ) obovatis (“ subgloboso-ovalibus,” 
Drejer) obtusis minime aut vix rostellatis, ore integro, 
glaucescentibus superne purpureo-tinctis obscure ner- 
vatis tenuissime granulatis glabris, squama late ovata 
obtusa vel subacuta purpurea, nervo concolori extra 
apicem ssepe producto, longioribus.— C.holostoma, Drejer, 
Bev. 29; Lange, 87. 
Hab. In Groenlandia, Vahl. 
Radix stolonifera. Culmus 4-8-pollicaris, erectus, trique- 
ter, scaber. Folia 1-1 lin. lata, culmo breviora. Bractea 
auriculata, auriculis amplis purpureis ssepe amplectentibus. 
Spica mascula sessilis, 2 lin. longa, squamis longioribus ssepe 
ferrugineis. Spicce feminece 3-5 lin. longse, \ \ lin. latte, nonnun- 
quam sequialtse, semper masculam superantes. Squamae feminece 
superiores subacute, nervoque paulo exserto. Perigynium -f— 
~ lin. longum, p u lin. latum. Achenium immaturum. 
I have only seen Greenland specimens of this plant, sent to 
me by Vahl in 1842. Drejer quotes the C. alpina, /3. infer-alpina, 
of Wahlenberg, as a synonym, though he does not appear to 
have seen it. But Andersson, Cyp. Scand. 39, says, “ C. holostoma, 
Drejer, in terris nostris nondum observata.” Lange is in doubt 
whether the Lapland plant is the same. I have not seen any 
specimen of Wahlenberg’s variety of C. alpina, which, he says, 
has often a terminal male spike; and Andersson, under Wahlen¬ 
berg’s variety, has a subvariety, “ heterostachya ; spica terminali 
mascula.” The immature perigynia on my specimens of C. holo¬ 
stoma prevent any satisfactory comparison of them with C. alpina. 
I have never seen C. alpina with a male spike, and should infer 
that such a form was rare in the north of Europe. Neither 
Wahlenberg nor Andersson afford any evidence as to its inflores¬ 
cence being peculiar. In the FI. Rossica, C. holostoma is made to 
be the same as the C. aterrima of Hoppe, and with that plant con¬ 
sidered as a var. /3 of C. atrata. 
503. C. incurva (Lightfoot); spica ovata vel subro¬ 
tunda vel triquetra capitata flavida demum fusco-ferru- 
ginea, e spiculis sub 6 apice masculis densifloris; brac¬ 
tea squamaeformi cuspidata; stigmatibus 2; perigyniis 
turgide ovatis vel ovalibus inflatis membranaceis diver- 
gentibus rostratis, ore hyalino obliquo, stipitatis margi- 
nibus obtusis lsevibus vel superne parce scabriusculis 
enerviis vel obscure rarius plano-nervatis flavidis superne 
vel demum omnino fuscis, squama ovata obtusa vel 
acuta fusca margine hyalina longioribus.—C. incurva, 
Light. FI. Scot. 544, t. 24,/. 1; Good. 152 ; Eng. Bot. 
t. 927 ; Smith, Eng. FI. 85 ; Betz, Prodr. ed. 2, 217; 
Wahl. Act. 141, et Lap. 425; Willd. 217 ; Sc Id', f. 95 ; 
Kunth, 375; Koch, 864; Drejer, Bev. 22; Anders. 70, 
l. 3 ,f. 12; Lange, 26; Beich. t. 199; Bertol. 43; FI. 
Boss. 269; Steud. 187. C. juncifolia, Allioni, Fed. 
264, t. 92,/. 4 ; Gaud. Agrost. 85, etFLelv. 39. C. am- 
philogos, Koch in Linncea ( fide FI. Boss.). C. capitata, 
/3. maritima, Betz, Prodr. ed. 1. G. maritima, Gunn, 
FI. Now. C. arenaria, Mohr. C. stenophylla, Widen. 
Beise in Lsl. C. melanocystis, Desv. FI. Chil. C. psam- 
mogasa, Steud. 187 ; Lechler, n. 1134 a. 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, America septentrionali et 
meridionali; in arenosis maritimis et apinis.—Iceland. 
Lapland, Eaero to Switzerland. Behring’s Straits, 
Wright. Affghanistan, Griffith, n. 89. Himalaya occid. 
et Tibetia temp, et alpina, 12-16,000 ft. Kunawur, 
Jacquemont. Nubra, Kishtwar, Ladak, Zanskar, Thom¬ 
son, Hooker, Boyle. Greenland, Vahl. Arctic Ame¬ 
rica : Bear Lake, Bichardson. Minto Inlet, Andersson, 
Voy. Enterprise, 1852. Rocky Mountains, Drummond, 
Bourgeau. Straits of Magellan, Lechler. Chili, Gay. 
Rhizoma sublignosum, longe repens, radicibus capillaceis 
aurantiacis copiosissimis implexis. Cidmus incurvus, |-3- 
pollicaris, subteres, Isevis, vel in alpibus 6-8 poll, rectus, apice 
angulatus. Folia filiformi-canaliculata, plus minus curvata, 
lsevia vel superne scabriuscula, culmo longiora vel breviora. 
Bractea spica brevior. Spica 3-6 lin. longa et lata. Perigy¬ 
nium (cum stipite Ar—A km longo) 2-21 lin. longum, A>-1 T V 
