ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CAREX. 
213 
t. 261; Anclers. 29, t. 7, f. 85; FI. Foss. 301 ; Gren. 
et Godr. 415; Hng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2924; Benth. 564. 
C. collina, Willd. 260; Kunth, 437 ; Bertol. 83; Steud. 
217. C. globularis, Willd. Act. Berol. t. 2, /. 1. C. 
emarginata, Willd. Schk. f. 153; Kunth, 437. C. pu- 
bescens, Gaud. Ktr. Gilib. {fide FI. Boss.). C. conglo- 
bata, Allioni, fide Gaudin. 
Hab. In Europa, Asia.—Norway, Sweden to Italy. 
Britain. Ural. 
Rhizorna lignosum, ramosum, reliquis foliorum marcidis 
undique tectum, radices tortuosas emittens. Culmus 6-12 
pollices longus, apice triqueter, scaber, gracilis, debilis, demum 
recliuatus, basi foliatus, vaginisque foliorum rubellis reticu- 
lato-fibrillosis tectus; pars spicigera 5-9 lin. longa. Folia 
sterilia sub lineam lata, culmo breviora, mollia; novella saepe 
ad faciem pilosa ; annotina elongata, persistentia ; culmea bre- 
via, angusta. Bractece ex aginatae; infima saepe spicula brevior. 
Spicula mascula 6-8 lin. longa, 1-11 lin. lata, oblongo-ellip- 
tica, sessilis vel breve pedunculata; feminece 3-4 lin. latse, 21 
lin. latse, sessiles, arete contiguae. Squatnce omnes ciliatae, 
concolores, atro-purpureae vel ferrugineae, obtusae, saepe trun- 
catae, vel emarginatae, mucronatae, plus minus ciliatae; mas- 
culae imbricatae, subinde acuminato-apiculatae. Perigynium 
I-jV- 2 lin. longum, lin. latum, oblongo-trigonum, basi 
crasse spongiosum, demum pyriforme, superne fuscum. 
Achenium conforme, cum stipite albo lin. longo, lfb lin. 
longum, -f 6 lin. latum, triquetrum; basi styli decidua incras- 
sata. 
There is no specimen of C. pilulifera in Herb. Linn., the one 
under that name, from Solander, Lapland, “ ad O. Vahlii, Auct., 
maxime accedit, vel etiam, licet habitus sit paulo diversus, perti- 
net.” {Hartman, Annot. de PI. Scand. Herb. Linn. p. 158.) The 
specimen of G. montana in the Herbarium, Sir James Smith mis¬ 
took for C. pilulifera, and in His Eng. Flora he quotes it as a 
synonym to that plant. Hartman has corrected this error, re¬ 
cognizing the C. montana (Herb. Linn.) as the plant admitted on 
all hands to be that of the El. Suec. The description of Linnaeus, 
both in the El. Suec. and the Sp. PI. 1385, can alone apply to it. 
It would seem, however, that Linnaeus had not seen any specimen 
of C. pilulifera. It is not included in his El. Suecica, nor does 
he give any character of it of his own in the Sp. Plant., merely 
quoting that of Yan Rayen and Plukenet. De Candolle, however, 
in his Bibl. Botanica, intimates that Linnaeus was the author of 
Yan Rayen’s work, and if so, the character given of C. pilulif era 
may be ascribed to him. But his not having preserved a speci¬ 
men in his Herbarium might lead to a doubt. Hartman, p. 157, 
in alluding to the specimen of 0. montana , Herb. Linn., which 
name he says is in Linnasus’s own handwriting, adds, “ Nisi notis- 
aimum haberem atque mihi persuasissimum, Herbarium Linnsei 
semper summa fuisse religione conservatum, facile crederem 
Smith et Goodenough, qui specimen hujus nominis in Herbario 
ad O. piluliferam nec ad C. montanam veram pertinere docuerint, 
vis prmsens specimen ante oculos vel in mente habuisse, sed aliud 
potius, nunc temporis deficiens. Ex hac enim planta ne minime 
quidem causa afferri potest, cur a forma O. montana solita distin- 
guatur, aliorsumne referatur.” 
I have alluded to this error of Smith to vindicate Linnajus, who 
is said (Eng. El. 113) to have adopted G. pilulif era from Pluke- 
net’s figure alone (which is in fact probable) and to have described 
at the same time a specimen of the same by the name of G. mon¬ 
tana. 
This species was first discovered in England in 1846, near Tun¬ 
bridge Wells. I do not find any allusion to the hairs on the 
leaves by authors, with the exception of Koch. Gaudin says the 
female spiculse are “ 1-3, infima quandoque distans, rarius brevis- 
sime pedunculata.” I have never observed more than 2, and 
always sessile and contiguous. 
511. C. nmcronata (Allioni); spica brevi fusco-pur- 
pnrea, e spiculis 2-4 congestis, terminali mascula oblonga 
ssepe brevi pedunculata obliqua, reliquis femineis sessili- 
bus parvis ovatis paucifloris, infima subinde paulo re- 
mota; bractea amplectente spicam ssepe superante; 
stigmatibus 2 longis; perigyniis lanceolatis rostratis, ore 
hyalino biclentato antice oblique secto, plano-convexis, 
crebre valideque nervosis undique pilosis castaneis rostro 
marginibusque superne acutis scabris pallidis, squama 
ovata obtusa vel lanceolata acuta purpurea, nervo viridi, 
longioribus.-—-C. mucronata, Allioni, Fed. 268 (1785); 
Wahl. Act. 146 ; Willd. 264; Schk. f. 44; Kunth, 409; 
Gaud. Agr. 117, et Helv. 68; Koch, 871; Hoppe, Ic. 
39; Lange, 62; Feich. 5, t. 201; FI. Boss. 308; 
Bertol. 95; Steud. 209. C. juncifolia, Gmelin. C. 
gracilis, Honk. C. setacea, Froel. C. bracteata, Suter. 
C. nitida, Hoppe. 
Hab. In Europa et Asia.—Alps of France, Germany, 
Switzerland, Caucasus, Baikal. 
Dense caespitosa. Culmi setacei, |-l-pedales, laeves vel apice 
scabri, superne obtuse trigoni, basi foliati, saepe apice curvati; 
pars spicigera 5-12 lin. longa. Folia eximie involuta, setacea, 
rigida, marginibus scabra, ssepe tortuosa, culmo breviora. 
Bractea infima vel cuspidata, brevi vel spicam superans, basi 
amplectens. Spicida mascula 4-7 lin. longa, 1-1 \ lin. lata, 
plerumque breve pedunculata, ssepe obliqua; feminece 2-4 lin, 
longse, 2 lin. latse, 1-3 sessiles, congestse, vel infima subremota. 
Squamce masculce obtusse, margine hyalinse; feminece ovatse, 
obtusse, vel lanceolatse, acutse. Perigynium 2^—At lm- lon¬ 
gum, -A- lin. latum, nervis validis vel demum minus con- 
spicuis, undique piloso-scabrum, marginibus acutis pallidis. 
Achenium 1 lin. longum, fp lin. latum, oblongo-ellipticum ; 
plano-convexum, castaneum, basi styli clavata apiculatum. 
Racheola interdum forma squamse adest ex ore perigynii pro- 
jecta. 
Drejer, Symb. p. 10, I think correctly allies this species to the 
Ferruginece. 
512. C, nardina (Fries); spica simplici apice mascula 
ovali vel ovata pauci-densiflora purpureo-ferruginea; 
stigmatibus 2; perigyniis ovalibus utrinque acutis ros- 
tellatis, ore hyalino emarginato, plano-convexis superne 
margine serratis nervatis erectis membranaceis ferru- 
gineis, squama ovata obtusa purpurea margine late albo- 
hyalina, nervo pallido, longioribus.—C. nardina, Fries, 
Mant. 2, 55, et 3, 134; Summa , 222 ; Drejer, Bev. 18; 
Andersson, 72, t. 3,/. 5 ; Lange, 20; Kunze, 94, t. 23, 
/. 2; FI. Boss. 267 ; Steud. 184. C. Hepburnii, Boott, 
FI. Bor. Arner. 209, t. 207. 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, America septentrionali.—Lap- 
land, Einmark, Norway. Kamtchatka, Wright {Herb. 
Gray). Greenland, Vahl. Rocky Mountains, Drum¬ 
mond {Lyall). Cascade Mountains, Oregon, Lyall {Herb. 
Hooker). 
Densissime caespitosa. Radix fibrosa. Culmus 1-6-poll., 
filiformis, teres, laevis, strictus vel curvatus, basi foliatus, vagi¬ 
nisque striatis fulvo-ferrugineis arete tectus. Folia plurima, 
fasciculato-caespitosa, “ ccespites Nardi strides bene referentia ” 
(Fries), capillacea, rigida, saepe curvata, culmo longiora. Spica 
2-5 lin. longa, l|-2 lin. lata, ut monet Drejerus, “ad dioi- 
cam vergit, quum flores masculi aut paucissimi sunt ita ut 
