214 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS GAREX. 
vix conspicantur aut numero flores femincos fere equant.” 
Squama infima subinde cuspiclata. Perigynium 1 T \,- T S 0 bn. 
Ion gum, Au' bn. latum. Achenium 1-1 lin. longurn, T 6 -o lin. 
latum, obovatum, plano-convexiusculum, pallide ferrugineum, 
stipitatum, basi styb crassiore apiculatum. Racheola linearis, 
achenio breviore, scabra, antice sita adest. 
The American plant is often larger than the European one. 
The racheola, though figured in the El. Bor. Americana, is not 
noticed by authors. The remarkable csespitose mode of growth, 
with its profusion of capillary leaves, at once distinguishes this 
species. 
513. C. Norvegica (Walilenberg); spica oblonga fulvo- 
brunnea, e spiculis 3-6 rarius 7 oblongis turgidis, termi¬ 
nal! longiore basi attenuata (rarius omnino) mascula, re- 
liquis femineis vel ima basi parce masculis contiguis vel 
approximatis, infima subinde subradicali longe exserte 
pedunculata; bractea squamseformi rarius elongata ; 
stigmatibus 2; perigyniis suborbiculatis vel ovalibus 
conico-rostellatis, ore subintegro, antice magis convexis 
nervatis glabris vel superne ad margines denticulatis 
tenuissime granulatis coriaceis, squama late ovata vel 
subrotunda obtusa obvolvente brunnescente medio mar- 
gineque fulva longioribus vel subsequantibus.—C. Nor- 
vegica, Wahl. Act. 146, et FI. Lap. 233, t. 15, /. 3 ; 
Willd. 227 ; Schlt. f. 66 ; Kunth, 393; Fries, Sum., 
223; Anders. 61, t. 4, f. 29; Lange, 56; FI. Boss. 
280 ; Steud. 197. 
Hab. In Europa, America septentrionali ad littora 
limosa maris.—Lapland to Sweden. Arctic America, 
Kotzebue Sound. Sitcha {FI. Boss.). Wells, Maine, 
United States, America, Blake (1858). 
Cespitosa, stolonifera. Culmus 6-14-polbcaris, triqueter, 
acutangulus, Levis vel apice scabriusculus, modo subvabdus, 
erectus, vel debibs et demum in altioribus reclinatus. Folia 
2-1 lin. lata, plana, molba, culmo breviora. Bractea sepius 
spicula brevior, quandoque subradicabs, fobacea. Spica 1-1^ 
poll, longa, 3-4 bn. lata, et ut tota planta demum flavescens; 
spicula terminabs 6-8 lin. longa, basi sepe elongato-cuneata 
mascula, vel oblonga omnino mascula; inferiores 6 lin. longe, 
2-3 bn. late, subinde mediae minores ; infima rarius subradi¬ 
cabs, pollicaris, nunc basi composita, pedunculo exserto 3-5 
pollices longo bracteaque fobacea sutfulta. Squamce obtuse, 
vel superiores subacute. Perigynium 1-%--fV bn. longum, 
bn. latum, convexiusculo-convexum, pallidum. Ache¬ 
nium lin. longum, T fi u - T 7 (J lin. latum, ovale, lenticulare, basi 
styb abrupte apiculatum, ferrugineum. 
Affinis C. canescenti et C. glareosce, differt spiculis tur¬ 
gidis ; perigyniis coriaceis ; fobis brevioribus mollibus, colore 
fulvo-bruunea. 
Drejer has not inserted this species among the plants of Ice¬ 
land or Greenland. Its southern limit in Europe is Gottenburg, 
where it was first observed by Tuckerman, in June, 1812. Mr. 
Blake discovered in a salt-marsh at Wells, Maine, in 1S58. 
Tab. 
n. 1. Specimens from Gottenburg, Tuclcerman. 
n. 2. Wells, Maine, U. S. A., Blake. 
514. C. paludosa (Goodenough); spica elongata fusca, 
e spiculis 3-8 cylindricis densifloris erectis, masculis 1-5 
contiguis sessilibus, femineis 2-6 alternatim approximatis 
sessilibus superioribus ssepe apice masculis, inferioribus 
subinde pedunculatis rarius basi compositis; braeteis 
foliaceis omnibus nisi rarius infima (culmum superante) 
evaginatis ; stigmatibus 3 rarius 2; perigyniis late ovali¬ 
bus vel ovatis subabrupte vel elliptico-lanceolatis sensim 
rostratis stipitatis, ore bidentato, utrinque costato-nervosis 
apice ssepe parce ad margines dentatis compressis fusco- 
olivaceis demum ferrugineo-punctatis, superne granulato- 
asperulis, rostro albido vel purpureo, membranaceis sub¬ 
inde excurvis, squama lanceolata acuminata ssepe trun- 
cata cuspidata vel aristata latioribus longioribus vel 
arista brevioribus. — C. paludosa, Good. Linn. Trans. 2, 
202; Wahl. Act. 163, et Suec. 611; Willd. 305 ; Schlc. 
f. 103; Kunth, 487 ; Eng. Bot. t. 807 ; Eng. Fl. 120 ; 
Gaud. Agr. 182, el Helv. 6, 129; Biebst. 393; Koch, 
887 ; Fries, Mant. 3, 143 ; Anders. 17, t. 8, f. 109; 
Lange, 139 ; Beich. 28, t. 266; Bertol.. 139; Fl. Boss. 
315 ; Gren. et Godr. 429; Steud. 236 ; Tchihatch. 579. 
C. acuta, Curtis, Fl. Lond. t. 61. C. acutiformis, Ehirh. 
Cal. C. rigens, Thuill. Par. 488. C. rufa, Lam. Enc. 
3, 324; Gaud. Etr. C. palustris, Sut. LLelv. 261. C. 
riparia, Geners {fide Wahl.). C. Kochiana, Dec. Hort. 
Monsp. Beich. 29, t. 271 ; Gussone, Fl. Sic. 576. C. 
spadicea. Both. C. intermedia, Suter. 
Hab. In Europa, Asia, America septentrionali et me- 
ridiana, Africa?—Norway to Sicily, Constantinople. 
Tauria, Caucasus. Himalaya occid. temp., Kashmir, 
Boyle, Thomson. Brazil {fide Fees). Cape of Good 
Hope ?, Nees. Sitcha. 
Radix repens. Culmus 1-21-pedalis, validus, acute triqueter, 
scaberrimus, basi foliatus; pars spicigera 5-14 pollices longa. 
Folia 1-4 lin. lata, culmo breviora vel longiora, vaginis ( longis 
purpureis reticulato-fissis. Bractece ssepius evaginate, vel 
infima amplectens, rarius renrota vagina 1^ poll, instructa. 
Pedunculus infimus |-2J poll, longus. Spiculce masculce 1-2 
pollices longe, 2-3 lin. late; feminece 11-21 pollices longe, 
2-5 lin. latse, summa vel superiores apice masculse omnes 
sessiles evaginate, vel inferiores plus minus longe peduncu¬ 
late, infima subinde 5-7 pollices remota vaginata, uua alte- 
rave rarius basi composita. Squamce omnes ferruginee ; mas¬ 
culce (typice) latiores obtuse, mutiee ; superiores anguste, 
nervo excurrente ; feminece elliptic* acute vel lanceolate, plus 
minus longe cuspidate, vel aristate subinde truncate vel 
emarginate; semper perigynio angustiores. Perigynium (cum 
stipite to-to bn. longo) 2-2 T 3 -o lin. longum, 1-1 Ay bn. latum, 
ovale vel ovatum, subabrupte brevi cylindrico-rostratum, vel 
lanceolatum, sensim rostratum, rostro albido demum ferrugi- 
neo, ore bidentato, superne granulato-asperulum, ad margines 
sepe parce dentatum, crebre nervosum, compression, solum 
super achenium, angulo ejus centrab prominente, subtrique¬ 
trum, demum ferrugineo-punctatum, membranaceum. Ache¬ 
nium 1-1 Ao bn. longum, KrAo bn. latum, ovale, triquetrum, 
angulus centralis introrsus, vel lenticulare, compressum, basi 
styli equali apiculatum. Stigmata 3, rarius 2. 
C. Kochiana was supposed to have claims for a specific distinc¬ 
tion, in the long aristate female squame, and the narrower peri¬ 
gynium, gradually tapering into the rostrum ; but there is no con- 
stancv in either of these characters, and I cannot see that it even 
forms a fixed variety. The occasional occurrence of 2 stigmata, 
with a lenticular achenium, is observable in both forms, and the 
female squamse and rostrum are variable in them. 
In 48 specimens I find— 
2 with 3 spikes. 5 with 1 male. 11 with 2 female. 
6 „ 4 27 „ 2 25 „ 3 
21 „ 5 13 „ 3 11 „ 4 
