14 
R. 0. Temple —An Examination of the 
[No. 1, 
known words. Moreover the same form of words, whether derivable 
from Prakrit, Sanskrit, Persian or surrounding idioms or not, is found to 
exist in the dialect of traders widely separated geographically. Thus, 
the words for “ eye,” clearly traceable to existing words, are the same 
practically among the Naqqash, Panjabi Zargars, Kashmiri carpenters, 
&c., and the Changars. In the Kashmiri and Hindustani Zargari no 
word is available, and in the so-called Khurasani it is 7Lur, a clear borrow¬ 
ing from Persian. The comcidence and similarity of the words in the 
Changari, Naqqashi and Zargari Panjabi dialects can hardly be acci¬ 
dental. It points to a common derivation from some old and forgotten 
forms of the existing recognized dialectic words. 
The following table contains the comparison of 55 words and ex¬ 
pressions in all the above dialects. 
{See Table Ill, next page.) 
As in the case of the numerals let us commence sifting this table 
by eliminating from it categorically all borrowings from surrounding 
idioms. All such are printed in italics in the table. The following 
words are derivable more or less directly from words in actual use in 
ancient or modern languages or dialects. 
General nouns. 
master; lanka is Kashmiri : for bak, teg, tog, tagis see “ man.” 
wood; hima, is Persian, hezam : lichkri = lakri, Hindi, 
house, shop; pa^^zir is (?) Pers., pazer, in possession: lir, is Kashmiri : 
hatti = Panj. hatti, a shop : pir-khana is Pers., a holy man’s house 
and is here ordinary slang : nad = nad, Panj. Hills, a riverside cave ; 
it may also be than, place, reversed. See Beames’ note to Elliot, i, 
161. 
paint, oil; tel — Hindi, tel, oil: ki6b = Panj. ghio = Kashm. ghiau, ghi: 
kajalna. Dr. Leitner says this is for ka -f- jalna, to burn, but may it 
not be for kajal, lamp-black used as paint for the eyebrows ? 
word ; nai is Panj. Hills for “ word.” 
salt, sweet; kaurma, salt, = Panj. kaura, bitter : mitmi, sweet, = Panj. 
mittha; for the Panj. terminations md, mi, see Sirdar Grurdial Singh’s 
(C. S.) remarks in Dr. Leitner’s Sketch of the Changars, 1880, pp, 
19—20. 
tea; zal is “water,” jal: chik, sakhi, = (?) cha (which is of (?) Per¬ 
sian origin) -f khi or ka, or perhaps they come from Panj. chakhna, 
to taste. 
tobacco; bhasuka = Hindi and Panj., a smoke, a dust: phamphi = 
Hindi and Panj. bhaph, a vapour. 
huqqa; panyul-doch, doch is Panj. Hills for dechki, the ordinary bubble 
bubble ; this inclines me to connect panyul with pina or pani. 
