266 G. Thibaut —Yardha Mihira’s Panchasiddhdntihd. [No. 2, 
Lanka, of 60 degrees. (See Preface, p. 54.) Tins translation of tbe 
text as given by Bhattotpala and tbe inference he draws from it are 
indeed quite correct; bnt we see at once that the passage as it stands 
cannot be reconciled with the one translated above from which there 
results a difference of longitude amounting to 44° only. The apparent 
contradiction is solved when we turn to the text of the Pahchasiddhantika 
as exhibited in the two manuscripts available at present. For there the 
reading at the conclusion of the second line is not but so 
that we have to translate “ Simhacharya states the sum of days to begin 
from sunrise at Lanka ; when ten muhurtas of the night of the Yavanas 
are passed (the day is stated to begin) by their guru, (i. e., the guru of 
the Yavanas who I suppose is no other than the often-quoted astrono¬ 
mical writer Ya vanes vara).” The two lines therefore contain uncon¬ 
nected statements, and do not in any way enable us to draw a conclusion 
about what Yaraha Mihira considered to be the relative longitude of 
Lanka (or Ujjain) and Alexandria. In addition I quote a passage from 
some unknown writer found in the Marichi (on Siddhanta-Siromani, 
Ganitadhyaya, Madhyamadhikara, desantara) which being apparently a 
periphrase of the passage from the Pahchasiddhantika confirms the text 
and translation of the latter as given above : 
“ Some declare the day to begin from sunrise, others from noon ; 
again others from the moment when the sun has half set. The prince 
of the Yavanas reckons the beginning of the day from (the moment 
when) ten muhurtas of the night (are past), Latacharya again in his 
book from midnight.” 
Here the “ yavananripatih ” of the third line answers to the 
yavaiiaguru of Yaraha Mihira and renders the identification of the 
latter with Yavanesvara more probable. The statement made in the 
last line about Latacharya is mistaken as, according to the Pancha- 
siddhantika, that writer reckoned the beginning of the day from sunset, 
while midnight was chosen as starting-point by Aryabhata. 
After these preliminaries we now enter on a discussion of those 
passages of the Panchasiddhantika which contain the rules for the cal¬ 
culation of the mean places of the planets according to the Surya and 
Romaka Siddhantas. Beginning with the former we at first extract a 
stanza of the 1st adhyaya which furnishes us with the requisite informa- 
