276 
G. Thibaut —Vardha Miliim’s Pnnchasiddhdntihd. [No. 2, 
from derive by means of a proportion (4,332'3,205,754 : 360 = 0*0005754 : 
K ) that fractional part of a circle wbicb Jnpiter passes through in the 
0*0005754th of a day. The result are 10''' of a circle. Thereby is ex¬ 
plained the rule given in line 7 according to which 10"' for each revolution 
have to be deducted from the mean place of Jupiter resulting from line 3. 
We finally have to explain the kshepa stated in line 11. Multiplying the 
kalpady-ahargana by 364, 220 and dividing by the days of a mahayuga 
we find that from the beginning of the kalpa down to the epoch of the 
book, Jupiter had performed 16490909 + 
1776393 , 
7 l8^ revolutions. 
The 
fraction turned into degrees, minutes etc. gives 8° 6' 20" for the mean 
longitude of Jupiter at the time of the epoch. As according to line 1, the 
rules for the mean longitudes of the planets refer to midnight at Avanti, 
the deduction of half a day’s mean motion which had to be made in the 
case of sun, moon and moon’s apsis is not required here. 
We next turn to Mars. According to line 4, 1 revolution of Mars 
takes place in 687 days. The round number clearly shows the rule to be 
only an approximate one, and it now becomes our task to ascertain the 
exact determination on which it is founded. According to the published 
Surya Siddhanta, Mars performs 1 revolution in 686*99,749,394 days, and 
it so might appear that the approximate value 687 presupposes the more 
accurate value 686*9,974... (if we neglect for the moment the small differ¬ 
ence resulting from the slightly different number of the days of a yuga 
according to the two Surya Siddhantas) and that consequently the 
Surya Siddhanta of the Panchasiddhantika, as well as the known Surya 
Siddhanta counts 2,296,832 revolutions of Mars to 1 mahayuga. But if on 
this assumption we try to explain the correction of Mars’ mean place which 
is stated in line 8 and the kshepa mentioned in line 12, we are unsuccess¬ 
ful and conclude therefrom that our assumption has been premature. We 
therefore try the opposite course and proceed to deduce the number of 
revolutions which Mars performs in one yuga from the correction of 
fourteen tatparas for each revolution. If Mars, as the general rule teaches, 
performs 360° in 687 days, it passes through 14'" in 0*000124 ... of a 
day. This fraction has therefore to be deducted from the approximate 
period of revolution, 687 days, when the remainder, 686*999874 ... days, 
indicates the accurate period of revolution. By this again we divide 
the days of the yuga (1,577,917,800). The quotient, 2,296,824, indicates 
that according to the Surya Siddhanta of the Panchasiddhantika, Mars 
performs in one yuga 2,296,824 revolutions ; which number agrees with 
that given in the Aryabhatiya, (p. 4) and likewise in the Paulisa Sid¬ 
dhanta (Colebrooke’s Essays, II, p. 365). This number finally explains 
the kshepa stated in line 12 ; for if we multiply by it the kalpady-ahargana 
