16 Sarat Chandra Das —Contributions on Tibet. [No. 1, 
according to Buton, 6 in the year 159 B. C., Manjusri Kirti ascended the 
throne o£ S'ambhala. His sovereignty extended over hundreds of petty 
princes and a hundred thousand cities. During his youth he acquired great 
proficiency in arts, sciences and magic. It is recorded that within his 
kingdom there lived 300,510 followers of the heretical doctrine of the 
Mlechhas. 7 Among these, there were many sages whose religion consisted 
in the worship of the vehicle of the sun (Nimai S'inta). Manjusri Kirti 
banished the whole infidel population from his dominions, but afterwards, 
on their embracing the sacred pitakas, he listened to their humble prayer 
to be permitted to return to their former homes. For the welfare of all 
living beings and especially of the people of S'ambhala, he explained the 
Kalachakra system. At last in the year 59 B. C., bequeathing his throne to 
his son, Pundarika, he passed away from the world of sufferings, and entered 
the Sambhoga-kaya of Buddhahood. 
III. 
Leg-dan Jyad. 
This great teacher was born of a Kshatriya family in Eastern India to 
the east of Magadha. Being possessed of great natural talents, he v§ry 
early learnt the principal systems of the Buddhist schools, promulgated by 
Nagarjuna and other Indian saints, and by. his great knowledge of sacred 
literature became prominent among the learned. He was ordained a 
priest by Nagarjuna and wrote a commentary on the Mula Prajna of 
Nagarjuna and named it Prajna dipa. Pie reduced Nagarjuna’s reflections 
into Svatantra and thereby founded the second schismatical sect of the 
Madhyamika school, called Madhyamika Svatantra. He also found fault 
with Buddha Pala’s commentary or tiled on the Mula Prajna. There 
arose many followers of this great teacher, who greatly extended the Sva¬ 
tantra school. 
IY. 
Abhayakaka Gupta. 
Abhayakara Gupta was born in the middle of the 9th century after 
Christ in Eastern India near the city of Gaur. 8 When he grew up to 
6 Buddha died 2713 years ago or 833 B. C. according to the Gelugpa Chronology, 
called the Ka-tan system. According to the Vaidurya karpo of Desi sangye Gya-mtsho, 
followed by A. Csoma de-Korosi, the date differs by forty years. I have followed the 
more correct system of the Auidoan Chronologists and, in some places, Buton. 
7 These were distinct from the Brahmans, for a Brahmana is invariably called a 
Mutegpa which is the same as Tirthika. He is here called a Lalo Mutegpa. Lalo 
means a Mlechha or Yavana. 
8 Probably the eastern districts of Magadha. 
