Sarat Chandra Das —Contributions on Tibet. 
69 
1882.] 
and grammar were translated into the Mongolian language. In the reign 
of Poyanthu, Jam-yang the pupil of Eigral the Prefect of Narthan, 
who during his visit to Narthan had incurred the displeasure of his Lama 
by appearing before him in a mask, paid a visit to Hor. Subsequently 
Jam-yan pleased his master by sending him large presents for a copy of 
the Kahgyur collection. Among the presents there was a small box full of 
Chinese ink which delighted Eigral very much. On his return to Narthan, 
Jam-yan resided in the house where the Kahgyur was copied and which 
was called Jam-yan Lhakhan. 
In this manner, the way being opened, the copies of the Kahgyur gra¬ 
dually increased. After Jam-yan, Karma Kan-Ju-Dorje visited Hor and be 
came the spiritual guide of one of the Hor kings, who, it appears, was named 
Chiya-thu. Thogan-themur (the last Emperor of the Mongol dynasty), 
the well-known descendant of Chhingis Khan, invited Karma-Eolpai-dorje 
who accordingly in the 19th year of his age in the year earth-clog came to 
Hor. During the fourteen reigns from Chhingis Khan to Erteni Chhogthu, 
many Sakyapa and Karmapa Lamas visited Hor, some of whom received the 
honour of the order of Ti-sri. The introduction of the Gelugpa church in the 
spiritual relation of Mongolia commenced at this time. During the reign of 
Thumer-kyi Althan Khan, the third Gyal-van (Dalai) named Sonam Gya- 
tsho visited Hor and abolished the worship of Oh-gvad (the chief Demon) 
and the practice of offering animal sacrifices to demons. He introduced the 
Gelugpa (yellow-hat) school of Buddhism in Hor where he died, and his 
incarnation named Gyal-van Yonton Gya-tsho appeared in Mongolia, for 
which reason Buddhism became greatly diffused over that country, and all the 
Mongols were converted to the Gelugpa church. Afterwards Shere-thu-gusri 
translated the three yum (vulgarly called bum) into the native Mongolian 
language. In the days of Chhahar-leg-dan Khuthog-thu several trans¬ 
lators headed by Kungah Hodsser translated the whole of the Kahgyur into 
Mongolian. The last of the descendants of Chhingis Khan named San- 
thu-gusi (called Legdar in Tibetan), a petty prince, was so degenerate that 
he failed even to rule over his own country and his dynasty passed off 
from power. In the reign of Sunchi (De-Kyi) the translation of the 
Kahgyur in Mongolian was revised and partially printed. It was in 
the reign of the Emperor Chhinlun (Kyen-long), the incarnate Manjusri, 
that the entire Kahgyur and Tangyur were for the first time printed 
in the Mongolian language. Then also the all-knowing Chankya- 
Eolpai Dorje prepared the Khapai-Junne, a compendious grammar of the 
Mongolian language, which was indispensably necessary to facilitate trans¬ 
lations (lit., which served as an eye to the future translators.) Asuthu, king 
of Khalkha, had met the Gyal-van (Dalai Lama) Sonam Gya-tsho 
during his sojourn in Mongolia and erected the temple of Erteni Jovo. 
