1882.] 
99 
of Jin or Buddhism in China . 
V. Fifth Sarartha-vadi School. 
This is the most ancient school of India, derived from Buddha and 
handed down to his spiritual successors directly. The following is the 
order of succession in which it has come to posterity : 
Buddha, Mahakasyapa, Ah i an da, Shanabastri, M a d h y am ah n a, U p ag u p t a, 
Dhitika, Arhat Krishna, Sudarsana, Vibhaga, Buddhananta, Buddha Mitra, 
Panasha, Asva Gliosha Mashaba, Nagarjuna, Aryadeva, Rahula-bhadra, 
Sangananta, Arhat Ghanasa, Kumarata, and Sha-ya-ta. 
IX. ANCIENT CHINA, ITS SACKED LITERATURE, PHILO¬ 
SOPHY AND RELIGION AS KNOWN TO THE TIBETANS. 1 
The name of this great country in its own language is S'en-te-hu 
(S'en = God, Tehu = land) or the celestial country. Some authors 
identify it with the fabulous Continent of Lu-phapa. 
The people of Aryavarta call it Maha China, where Maha means 
great and China is a corruption of Tshin. Among the sovereigns of China 
She-’hu-hun, king of the province of Tshin, became very powerful. He 
conquered the neighbouring countries and made his power felt in most 
of the countries of Asia, so that his name as king of Tshin was known 
to distant countries of the world. In course of time by continual phonetic 
change, the name Tshin passed first into Tsin and then into Chin or China, 
whence the Sanskrit designation Maha China or Great China. The 
Tibetans call it Gya-nag, (Gya “ extensive” and nag “ black”) or people 
of the plains who dress in black clothes : for all the Chinese dress in blue 
or black. So also the Tibetans gave the appellation of Gya-gar to the people 
of India, on account of their wearing white dresses. According to the 
ancient historical records, many religious schools and customs originated 
in China. Of these, three were the most important, viz., She-hu, Do-hu 
and Jin. The first, She-hu, partakes more of a literary than of a religious 
character. We shall therefore treat it as literature. According to Sam- 
bhota, the father of Tibetan literature, letters are the origin of all science 
1 Translated from Dub-thah-selkyi-Melon. See Vol. L, p. 187, Note 1. 
