103 
1882.] of Ancient China. 
called Hun-thyeu-yi constructed by him for the purpose. The clocks (Tse- 
men chin) and watches (Pe-yo-hu) of modern China are prepared after 
those illustrations. Moreover, the invention of chariots, boats, forts, ten 
sorts of musical airs and the use of arms were attributed to him. 
The later heavenly system . 
The fourth king of the dynasty of Te-hu named Yo-hu-tho-hu- 
than-shi, was, in the year tree-dragon (the first of the heavenl} 7- years 
according to this system of calculating time), presented with a wonder¬ 
ful tortoise by a man from the south named Yui-shan-she. By carefully 
observing the figures and marks on the tortoise’s shell, which were supposed 
to expiess the names of divisions of time, the king improved the former books 
on astrology and the art of divination. From that year to the fire-dragon 
year of the 12th cycle when the Emperor Chheu-lun ascended the throne, 
there elapsed 4092 years. There are legends which relate that a subject 
presented a wonderful tortoise to king Yo-hu, but there is no record of 
his utilizing the marks on the shell for the purposes of astrology. It is 
stated that king Shi-hu-yohi obtained a wonderful tortoise of miraculous 
origin from the Iliver Loo of Hanan, and by reading the astrological symbols 
and marks known as Pakwa, found on its shell, wrote a large treatise on 
“ divination.” He gave the name of Loo-tho-u 4 to it, from Loo, the river 
whence the tortoise came cut. 
The period during which the heaven and earth remained one and undi- 
vided, 5 was known as Nam Na, and the period when they became separated 
and distinct from each other, as Nam Chhye. During these two periods, 
and also previously, the science of Pakwa or astrology and divination is said 
to have existed in itself, in consequence of which it is considered as ever 
unchangeable. It is not stated in the Chinese books that the “ great 
tortoise” is the prime cause of all things, as is fabled by Tibetan writers 
on astrology and the black art, after the above account of the wonderful 
tortoise of the Chinese from whom undoubtedly they have derived their 
knowledge of astrology and divination. The following are the verses on 
which the Tibetans, after the Chinese, base all their knowledge of astrology 
and of the position of the earth. 
4 Tho-hu meaning the book of symbols .and signs. 
5 From this it must not be understood that the first work on divination written 
from the figures on the horse-dragon, was composed before the formation of the IJeaven 
and Earth from chaos. The name Nam Na is used to distinguish its priority to that 
which immediately followed it. 
O 
