1882.] 
of Ancient China. 
107 
applications of these five subjects. Those who in China carefully master 
these five subjects are regarded as sages, those who can practise them, as 
saints. 
Origin of Heaven , Earth and Men according to the u Ye-Jcyin ”. 
In the beginning, before the formation of Heaven and Earth there 
existed nothing but “ Hun tun” or void, which evolved of itself and was in 
a state of chaotic agitation from eternity, until it fell into utter confusion and 
disorder. In this state of chaos, the order, distinction, cognition, classifica¬ 
tion and nomenclature of things were unknown. The Chinese account bears 
a striking resemblance to the account as to the origin of the world in all 
Tibetan works on mysticism that in the beginning there existed nothing 
except void from which the world arose. In that chaotic state there was 
the virtue of “ The-ji” that is, the supreme nature, matter and self-existent 
energy. Just as we have the innate power of distinguishing different 
things in ourselves, so the primeval chaos possessed the virtue of giving 
rise to distinct existences. From its internal agitation, it produced first of 
all Namha (species), and nature, which were like male and female. Again 
these being endowed with a virtue like the germination of the seed by 
the union of the male and female elements, divided themselves into the 
“ Tsha-shin,” i. e., the fourfold distinction into (1) great male, (2) little 
male, (.3) great female and (I) little female. Afterwards from the union 
of those two species sprung the Pa-kwa or Tibetan Parkha and Choo-gun 
or the nine mansions with forty-five gods residing in them. Thereafter 
from the virtue of these two, light and clearness came forth. All light 
substances flew upwards from the ocean of chaos, the thin and at¬ 
tenuated things resting on the surface. When this separation took place 
the upper region or Heaven (or Thain) was produced. This was called 
the age of the formation of Heaven (Nam Nama). All heavy (Sanskrit 
guru), thick, unclean and ponderous substances sank to the bottom and 
formed the Earth called Tee. This is called the age of the Earth’s 
closing. When Heaven and Earth were produced, the shining lustre of 
the former radiated from above and the bright effulgence of the latter rose 
upwards. These two, united together, produced “ Man.” This age was 
called the period of the formation of Man. Heaven, Earth and Man 
are possessed of three virtues or potential energies and three aims 
(designs). In works on mysticism a similar description is given. Heaven 
is said to have been anciently the father and Earth the mother. These 
two meeting together produced a sound, whence emanated Man. The 
Tibetan “ Nam” or Chinese “ Thain” means both Heaven and potential 
Energy. Tibetan “ Sa” or Chinese “ Tee” meaning Earth is purely matter 
that has productive powers. 
