1882.] 
Sarat Chandra Das —Buddhist Schools in Tibet. 
125 
dictions and do not hesitate to slander the Gelugpa school. The Gelugpa 
writers successfully refuted all the charges contained in that work and 
exposed the malice of its blasphemous authors. 
From that time, on account of the doctrinal differences between the 
Ninma and Sarma schools, especially between the former and the re¬ 
formed school (Gelugpa), disputes and controversies commenced. Most 
of the eminent writers of Tibet are of opinion that the great body of 
Ninma scriptures were alloyed with strange and spurious writings, and 
there are very few books which have any pretensions to originality or 
antiquity. Among those which are said to be very pure may be classed 
the following : 
(i) <7Kon-?»Chhog-spyi 7*Dus, 6 vols. 
(2.) wKhah-AGro sNyin-thig. 
(3.) Lho-yTer. 
(4.) Bima sNin-thig. 
(5.) 7rL6h-Chhen-sNin-thig. 
(6.) ^Yu-thog sNin-thig. 
(7.) Byan-y'Ter-gyi Chhos skor. 
(8.) yTer-^Dag-yLih pahi-chhos skor. 
(9.) Nam-chhos kyi-skor. 
(10 ) rGyal-va-eNa vahi-rNin-vahi-chhos kyi skor. 
(11.) rTa -mgrin chhos-skor &c., and many others. 
The study of the above-mentioned books is believed to be very effica¬ 
cious to ascetics, in obtaining sainthood. In profundity of import these books 
are unrivalled by other religious works of the same school. Among the best 
and purest of Ninma monasteries are (1) sMin-grol yLin, (2) rDorje- 
brag, (3) Kham-ka-thog, (1) S'ki-ckhen-rtsogs chhen, &c. and many others 
of less fame. In these monasteries, moral discipline and religious strict¬ 
ness are greatly observed, in consequence of which their resident monks are 
said to have great pretensions to purity of life. 
The Nyingmas schools have voluminous works called Upaneshas on 
the subtlety of rites. 
In the Sarma or modern school are included the following sects, 6 Kali- 
yDams pa, 5Kah-7>rGyiu7 pa, Sakya-pa, Karma pa, Jonah pa, c/Gelug- 
pa, &c. The principal theories and rules of these sects are : 
(1.) Constant meditation about the attainment of Bodhisattva-hood 
(sainthood). 
(2.) Uninterrupted attention to compassion towards all living beings. 
(3.) Beverence and adoration to the great and precious Holy Being, 
called (UvoN-mCiLHOG. 
(4.) The renouncing of worldly enjoyments and business, and residence 
in solitude to limit the sphere of doing and desires. 
