164 
R. C. Temple— Some Hindu Folksongs from the Panjab. [No. 3, 
will be. In the songs occur, bal’sara, I will burn, 44 ; ghol’sa^, I will knead 
or mix, 44 ; awasi., she will come, 44. In R. R. occur the following forms, 
tur’sa?«, I will go ; desaw (twice), I will give; lesim (twice), I will take ; 
kar’sa^, I will make ; banasaw, I will make; ban’saw, I will be made ; kha- 
saw, I will eat. Also laisi, he will take ; mar’si, he will beat ; khar’si, he 
will take ; war’si, he will enter ; awasi, he will come ; asi, he will come. 
(i>) The tendency to nasalise final vowels in nominal declension has 
been noticed. Instances are not wanting of it in verbal terminations. 
E. g., 
je koi sunew, if any one hear, 20. See (s'). 
mam ghar thamyaw, I watched the house, 47. 
awask, she will come, 44. 
kar’sm, she will do, 44. 
khinnuew di ram-jham lam chirebalia, the gaily-turbaned man 
brought the bouncing ball, 60. 
mam dudli-bhat din’nm, 1 (fern) give rice-and-milk, 5. din’nm is 
for din’ni = dindi, a common form of the imperf. part of 
dena, = deti in Hindi: din’ni is the alternative form ; see 
(n) above. 
A set of curious infinitive forms nasalized occur in song 22 ; janaw, 
rah’na 72 , lanaw, kat’naw, all in the sense of I must go, must stay, must bring, 
must bear with.* A stronger instance is to be found in song 47 : matha 
tek’nim, I had to make my bow. 
(to) The tendency of Panjabi is to nasalize vowels before consonants ; 
e. g., aunda = ata; janda = jata. In these songs several instances occur 
of the opposite custom of dropping anuswdra, where it exists in Hindi and 
usually in Panjabi as well.f 
hasi for haws’kar, laughing, 26. 
lias’na for ha^s’na, 56. 
pakhi for pankhi, a fan, 31, 48. 
khich’da for khainch’ta, drawing, 43. 
uchiaw for uncha, tall, 44. 
* [These nasalized forms in na n correspond to the forms in nanw in the Braj and 
non in Marwari. See Iloernle’s Graudian Grammar, § 320, p. 153. Ed.] 
f [These two cases are not parallel. The n of the pres. part, is a consonant, and 
it is organic, i. e., it forms an original element of the Sanskrit and Prakrit participial 
suffix anta ; it is preserved in Panj., hut dropped in Hindi; see ibid. §§ 300, 301, 143, 
146. But the n in haws’na, etc. is not a consonant, hut a mere nasalization of a vowel, 
and it is inorganic, i. e., forming no element of the original Sanskrit or Prakrit word. 
These nasalizations are common to all Gaudians, and are especially frequent before s 
and h; see ibid. § 67. Ed.] 
