44 V. A. Smith —History of Bundellchand. [No. 1, 
It is just possible that the Muhammadan attack on Mahoba may have 
taken place in 1295, the year that Ala-ud-din returned to Karra from his 
daring expedition to the Dakhin, conducting his retreat “ through extensive 
and powerful kingdoms; viz ., Malwa, Gondwara, and Kandeish but 
travelling thus, it is not likely that any part of his force would have come 
so far east as Mahoba. 
The possible dates for the successful Musalman attack on the Bhar 
leader are narrowly limited, on the one hand, by the date 1230 A. D. for 
Kirat Singh Bhar, and, on the other, by the date 1322 A. D. of Ghias-ud- 
din Tughlak’s mosque at Mahoba, which is constructed of the materials of 
a Hindu or Jain temple and could not have been erected during the reign 
of a ruler hostile to Islam, as tradition affirms the Bhar chieftain to have 
been. 
On the whole, the assumption of the date 1293 A. D. as that of the 
extinction of the Bhar 41 aj at Mahoba, best accords with all the known 
facts. I therefore believe that the rule of the Bhars at Mahoba lasted 
from about 1240 A. D. till 1293 A. D. 
Then, says the Mahoba tradition, the emperor of Dehli became sover¬ 
eign of the country, and made over Mahoba to the Khangar rulers of Garh 
Ivurar. 
The emperor referred to I believe to be Ala-ud-din, who ascended the 
throne in 1295, and whose general Ain-ul-Mulk Multan! reduced Malwa 
in 1304. # Ala-ud-din, when holding Karra and Malwa, must have had 
control over the intervening territories of Mahoba and Garb Kurar. 
I therefore conjecture that the Khangars assumed charge of Mahoba 
not later than the year 1305 A. D., but they may have assumed charge 
in 1293 or 1295. The exact duration of their rule is not certainly known, 
but the Mahoba tradition affirms that it was ended by the treachery of 
Arjun Pal Gaharwar in the year 1400 S. = 1343 A. D. 
This date has probably been remembered as a round number only, and 
may not be quite accurate, but I believe it to be approximately correct. 
All accounts agree in tracing the Bundela genealogy back to a Gahar¬ 
war ancestor, although different traditions vary much as to the name of 
that ancestor and in other particulars. 
By reckoning back the Bundela generations from a known date we 
can obtain an approximate date for the expulsion of the Khangars by 
which to test the Mahoba traditional date. 
The great Bundela chief, Itaja Chhatarsal, died in the winter of 1731 
A. D.,t and he was (including Jfcudra Partap) either the sixth or the seventh 
* Briggs’ Ferishta, I, 3G1. 
f Captain Maitland, Political Agent at Ch.arkh.ari, informs me that the exact date 
of Chhatarsal’s death was Pus Badi 3 Samvat, 1788. 
