50 
V. A. Smith —History of JBundelJchand. 
[No. 1, 
(Nonari Bahadurpur) taluka consisted originally of 34 villages, of which 
ten were held nankar (a sanad of Alamgir bestowing title of Chaudhri of 
pargana Shiuli confirms this), but the privilege was resumed by Ilmas Ali, 
who left only ten villages in the possession of the family; these have now, 
owing to sales for arrears of revenue, dwindled down to six villages, which 
have only escaped, says Mr. Buck, on account of their lying in a tract of 
which the greater part of the cultivated area consisting of rice land was 
not recorded as cultivated in the village papers. 
6. The Sapahi taluka consisted originally of 90 villages, of which 
48 were separate with the title of Rawat and formed the Rawatpur taluka, 
of which Randhir Singh was the last representative ; his estate being now 
in the hands of the Court of Wards for the benefit of a boy adopted by 
the widow of his son who died a week after his father. From Rawatpur 
one descendant separated his share into the Kakadeo estate, consisting of 
23 villages. This is as united a family as there is in the district, and their 
intelligence has been much sharpened by proximity to the courts. Randhir 
Singh over-reached himself by his cunning ( 'v . i.), but the Kakadeo family 
have taken stricter precautions to keep the property undivided in the 
family, though partitions have commenced to disintegrate the once com¬ 
pact property. They fasten their coats on the left side (like Muham¬ 
madans), since they were let off some arrears of revenue by the emperor. 
7. Of the villages remaining with the original family of Sapahi, 
37 have gradually been taken up by other members of the family, two 
have been given “ pun” to Brahmans, three—Sapahi, Gangroli, and Kirat- 
pur—are the only ones which remain attached to the gaddi; and in these 
even, under the English Government which gives every one his due, the 
ancestral custom, which retained the whole in the name of the representa¬ 
tive of the family, has had to give way before the claims of all the descend¬ 
ants of Hira Singh to their shares calculated per stirpes. Hence the 
revenues of the original seat of the family Sapahi (and Kiratpur) are en¬ 
joyed by the cadet branch now represented by Shiudin Singh, those of 
Gangroli by the sons of the late Rao Pahlwan Singh, of whom the eldest 
is a lunatic. 
8. The original branches then possessed themselves of the old par- 
ganas Shiurajpur, Shiuli, Sakrej, and Bithur. The branch that settled in 
Sachendi and overran all the south of pargana Jajmau may be considered 
but a renegade one. Of its origin the Persian manuscript gives curiously 
a clearer account than the Hindi manuscript, as follows:—- 
“ They say that Harsingh Deo, son of Karkaj Deo, a brother of Kar- 
chand, who lived at Bihari (Pyari), on the bank of the Ganges, had a son, 
Hindu Singh, very strong and great, but infamous for his oppression of 
the rayats. At that time Raja Indarjit hearing of this was grievously 
