1881.] 
Sarat Chandra Das —Contributions on Tibet. 
205 
The Khyadpar-chhenpo can singly effect what the others can jointly 
do. Again the four Gyu Bon can secure the enjoyment of the four Blm- 
mis (stages of perfection) of honourable action, for several ages. The 
Ge-nen and Tan-srun, after carrying the Sattvam happily through three 
Jcalpas, will take it to emancipation. The Akar and Ye-sen can give it, after 
its first birth, freedom from existence. The Khyadpar-chhenpo can secure 
to a person emancipation even in this life. (The author remarks :—although 
I could not obtain a work in which the rise and progress, theories and prin¬ 
ciples of the Bon religion are exhaustively described, yet I have written 
according to the account delivered to me by the sage of Digun respecting 
the earlier, mediaeval and later Bonpo). Learned and erudite professors 
of the Bon religion, when it attained to prosperity, held a synod in the 
celebrated cavern of “ San-vai-Bon Phug” in the Mankhar country. Priests 
and sages from India, Persia, China and Tibet assembled there. A com¬ 
pendious compilation of Bon “ gomo’I (or sutras), about 84000 in 
number, was made, which is well known by the name of San-nag-dson- 
thad ni-hod-gyan. 
Among the principal classes of Bon monasteries of Tibet the S'enderdin 
monastery and the Yun-druii monastery of Gyal-mo-ron were most noted. 
In later times, by the command of the Emperor of China, most of these were 
pulled down by the Imperial armies and the Bon monasteries and religious 
establishments greatly devastated. On the site of the Yun-drun Lhadin 
monastery, a Gelugpa monastery called Gahdan was erected. An edict was 
issued forbidding all to follow the Bon doctrines, in spite of which many 
Bon priests and numerous monasteries still exist in Gyal-ron, Tsho-kha 
and Konpo and other places. The Gonparituo of Kham contains 500 
priests. Formerly the Bonpo had no monastic system. Now after the 
example of the Buddhists they have monks and nuns, some of whom have 
pretensions to incarnate existence. But in general they are great drinkers 
of wine and eaters of meat. They are not careful to refrain from female 
company. 
