6 
E. T. Atkinson— Notes on the history 
[No. 1, 
Ganges at Hardwar (pin'd syavauna), will collect them between liis thumb 
and little finger and wash them in the panchagavya and clarified butte 
and placing them in a cloth bury them for a year before he attempts to 
carry out his purpose. All ceremonies performed for an ancestor must 
be carried through with the sacrificial thread over the right shoulder, all 
worship of the gods with the thread as usual over the left shoulder. The 
pyre is then cleaned and smeared with cow-dung whilst the dedication is 
made and water and a pinda are given followed by water as before. Then 
the mantra is recited :—* Anadinidhano deva sanlcha-chakra-gadddhara ; 
alcshayah pundartkaksha preta-moksha-prado bliava. —An address to the 
deity praying for the liberation of the soul of the deceased. A Brah¬ 
man repeats the mantra with his face towards the south ; a Kshatriya 
looking towards the north ; a Vaisya to the east and a STidra to the west, 
whilst the knot of the hair on the top of the head is unloosed. The 
sacrificial thread is then replaced and the dchamanas made. The 
thread is again put on the right shoulder ( apasavya ) whilst water is 
offered in the hollow of both hands to the manes of the deceased. The 
person who performs the rites bathes again before returning home and 
fasts for the rest of the day. 
Ceremonies after cremation. —Lamps are kept lighting for the 
benefit of the manes for ten days after cremation either in a temple or 
under a pipal tree or where the obsequial ceremonies are performed, 
according to the rule :— Tildh pradeydh pdniyam dipo deyah sivdlaye, jndti- 
bhili saha bhoktavyam , etat pretasya durlabham. —Sesamum, water and 
lights should be provided in a temple of S'iva and meals' should be taken 
with the relatives—for this has (now) become difficult to be obtained by a 
sprite. The place where the obsequial ceremonies ( kiriydt-karma ) subse¬ 
quent to cremation take place is called the ghat or bugra. It is chosen, as 
a rule, near running water, but must not lie to the west of the house where 
the person for whom the rite is performed died. On the day following the 
cremation, the person who performed the principal part at the funeral pyre 
proceeds to the ghat and selecting a place, clears it and plasters it with 
mud and cow-dung. A fire-place is then built towards the northern part 
arid on one side, an altar of white clay smeared with cow-dung. The 
lamp is next lighted with the dedication to enlightening the manes now 
in darkness so as to alleviate its sufferings. Then with top-knot un¬ 
loosed the celebrant bathes on behalf of the manes with the usual defini¬ 
tion, of place, time, person and object which is the performance of the 
ceremonies of the first day. 
Tilatoydnjali. —Next the top-knot is tied up and the mouth is rinsed, 
after which he takes sesamum, water, kum-gmss and barley and with 
his face towards the south oilers them in the palms of both hands on be- 
