1885 .] 
97 
the Sultans of Kashmir. 
have yet been found. It is probable, however, that although Habib's 
name occurs in inscriptions the name of the coins was Mahmud. 
A gain we have on the coins the name of Nadir Shah. How, no 
list of kings gives this name. They all have Ndzuh Shah. This must 
have arisen from some mistake of the early copyists unless indeed bis 
name was Ha dir Shah on his coins and Hazuk Shah in the mouths of 
the people. In one MS. in the British Museum the name Hazuk Shah is 
spelt variously yG j\3 an q RA All the MSS. read 
Hazuk and all the coins both in silver and copper read Hadir. Ho coin 
has yet been found with Hazuk on it. 
There were two kings of the name of Shams ud Din. I think the 
coins are those of the second and not of the first king of that name. 
Unfortunately neither of the coins I figure has a margin worth drawing. 
It is perfectly illegible. Hence no date can be made out. 
Of Islam Shall and Humayiin I shall speak in another place. 
It seems to me that these coins evidence that Arabic was not much 
studied in Kashmir, or if studied, the knowledge of it was confined to 
the Muhammadan saints and sages with accounts of whoso accomplish¬ 
ments and virtues Muhammad Azim s book abounds. The knowledge 
did not get into the mint. The reign of Zain ul Abidin was, however, 
favourable to learning. In the confusion which followed learning was but 
lightly esteemed. 
The coins vary very little. There is a certain monotony about them. 
They are all square. They have the same kind of lozenge on the 
reverse. The differences in the inscriptions will be at once visible. 
There are two the names on which I cannot make out. Hos. 36 and 38. 
PL III. Perhaps some one has better specimens. Ho. 30 is the pro¬ 
perty of my learned friend Dr. Stulpnagel as is also Ho. 35. I have 
much pleasure in acknowledging the kindness which placed the coins at 
my service. The same pleasant duty I have to perform to General 
Cunningham for the use of Ho. 37. All the rest of the coins are or were 
in my cabinet. Many have found rest in the British Museum. 
When Akbar had got a fair hold on the country then he struck 
rupees in Kashmir with his own peculiar inscription on them. Hos. 41 
and 42, PI. Ill are two rupees of this kind struck in Srinagar. Ho. 40 
is a copper dam struck in the same city. Ho. 39 is a copper coin of 
Akbar following the style of the old Sultans. 
The weight of the square silver coins varies from 91 to 96 grains. 
The lightest is one of Shams ud Din’s the heaviest one of Yusuf Shah’s. 
Zain ul Abidin’s coins vary as much as 3 grains. Some are worn more 
than others. If the coins of Shams ud Din are of the 1st king then we 
