168 
J. Beanies —On the Geography of India. 
[No. 3, 
It is important to observe tlie situation of the malials whose area is 
given as distinguished from those for which only the revenue is stated, 
as this distinction affords a means of judging how far Muhammadan 
supremacy really extended. On comparing the list with the map accom¬ 
panying this article it will be seen that the mahals whose measure¬ 
ment is given are those lying in the great plain of Bihar, while most of 
those in and between the hills are unmeasured, and there is every reason 
for believing that they had not at the time of the Settlement been really 
conquered. 
I have succeeded in identifying all but two out of the forty-five 
mahals of this Sarkar, though some are only conjecturally traceable. 
5. Amblo. There is no jpargana of this name now extant in either 
Gya or Patna districts. There is Amlo (now called Amlo Mutia) in 
Bhagalpur, but that is separately given under Sarkar Mungir. It is 
just possible that in the general ignorance that prevailed regarding the 
outlying parts of of Sarkar Bihar this mahal may have been entered 
twice over by mistake. It is one of the unmeasured mahals many of 
which were put down by Todar Mai from hearsay or other vague indi¬ 
cations. 
16. Bliimpur is still extant, but it was formerly larger than at 
present, a new parganah Shalijahanpur having been carved out of it, the 
name of which shews that its creation was later than Akbar’s days. 
17. Pundag is the same as Palamau and roughly indicates a vast 
tract of country lying south of Slierghotty and only nominally subject 
to the empire in the time of Akbar as it was not conquered till the reign 
of Aurangzeb,* though there had probably been occasional raids into 
various parts of the country before, and the name was therefore known 
to Todar Mai and inserted in his rent roll with a purely imaginary 
revenue. The name of the proprietary clan in this and No. 21 is given 
as SqJabardah in the Persian text; but this is a copyist’s error for 
cheroh , the Muhammadan way of spelling the name of the well known 
aboriginal Chero race.fi 
21. Jaychampa. Properly Chai Champa two contiguous parganahs 
now in the north of Hazaribagh district, invaded about A. D. 1340 by a 
general of Muhammad Tughlak.fi The old fort of Chai is still in exis¬ 
tence. These mahals like Pundag were probably only known by hearsay 
to Todar Mai and not actually subject to the Empire. 
23. Dhaknair. Properly spelt Dakhnair, i. e., Dakshina nagara. 
Nagara becomes nayara in Prakrit, e. g., Bikanir, Bhatnair, etc. 
* See a full account by Blochmann in J. A. S. B. Yol. XL, p. 111. 
fi ib. p. 118. 
fi Col. Dalton’s note in Hunter’s Statistical Account of Hazaribagh, p. 67. 
