172 
J. Beames —On the Geography of India. 
[No. 3, 
Of the mahals entered in the above list all but three are still extant 
though probably the area of many of them has varied considerably. 
2. Usla is now written Wasila. 
3. Ango, not traceable. 
4. Amblo, now called Amlo Mutia far down in the south of the 
Bhagalpur district. 
8. Paharpara. This word is written in the text fjbr-pJ with a 
var. lectio bind 1 propose to read and to identify the mahal 
with that now called Parbatpara, parbat and pahar meaning the same 
thing. 
10. Tanur. The record-keeper of the Monghyr Collectorate con¬ 
jectures that the true reading is there is a mahal of this name 
Tahaur or rather Tahaurganj in Kharakpur. This seems a somewhat 
doubtful identification. There is no place called Tanur, as far as I can 
learn. 
16. Sarohi now written Sahroi. 
17. Sukhdhara seems to be a mistake for Sukhohara due to the simi¬ 
larity between c> and . It was once a separate pargana but is now 
included in Haveli Monghyr. 
21. Satiari now included in Bhagalpur. 
25. Khetki not traceable, but is probably intended for Khetauria. 
This Sarkar runs far down south-eastwards into the jungly tracts 
now in the Santhal Parganas and it is impossible to fix any definite 
boundaries in that direction. Probably the Muhammadans did no more 
than make occasional raids into this wild and difficult country, and the 
mahals lying in this direction, such as Hindue (Handoi, Hendueli, etc.), 
Rohini and Pasai have therefore been treated in the same way as Pundag 
and Chai Champa of Sarkar Bihar, and merely underlined. 
In the north too the parganas of Pharkiya and Chhai covered vast 
areas of sparsely peopled swamps and marshes and it is uncertain how far 
their boundary could be held to extend on the north. Much of the 
country included in the modern parganas of Nathpur, Dhaphar, Nari- 
digar and Nisankhpur Kora was down to comparatively recent times 
under the rule of the Nepalese government. None of these names are 
found in the Ain under Sarkar Mungir, though as will be shewn further 
on it is possible that some part of this country is included under one 
or other of the easternmost mahals of Sarkar Tirhut. The large mahal 
of Dharmpur now lying east but formerly west of the great Kosi river 
which Las changed its course within recent times,* forms the eastern 
* Almost within the memory of living men the Kosi flowed to the north-east 
of the town of Purniah and its old course may still be clearly traced by a broad and 
deep depression in the soil running for some fifty miles across the district. Even 
