498 Mr. H. F. Witherby on Birds from the 
Mountains. It was a common bird and was found so low as 
3000 feet.”—R. B. W. 
It is interesting to find this Wheatear in tbe north of 
Persia at lower altitudes than it seems to affect in the south, 
where Mr. Woosnam and I never met with it below 
9000 feet, and then but rarely. 
Monticola cyanus (L.). [B. 155. W. 1903, p. 550; 
1907, p. 83.] 
Threes from the Elburz Mts. (north side, alt. 5000-8000 ft.) 
in April. 
Monticola saxatilis (L.). [B. 156. W. 1903, p. 550; 
1907, p. 83.] 
One from the Elburz Mts. (near Demavend, alt. 8000 ft.) 
on April 20. 
Turdus merula aterrima Mad. 
$ ? . March 29 & 31, S. coast, Caspian Sea. 
$ $ , April 22, <$ $ , May 4, Elburz Mts. (north side). 
“ Not uncommon on the afforested parts of the mountains 
and lower foot-hills ; most plentiful in the oak woods at 
about 4000 feet.”—B. B. W. 
I have submitted the specimens to Mr. C. E. Hellmayr, 
who informs me that he considers them to belong to this 
form, which was described from the Caucasus. The females 
are more rufous on the upper breast and the males are blacker 
than in T. m. syriacus, the form found in South-west Persia. 
The wings measure :— ? , 119-127 mm .; $, 127 mm. 
Turdus musicus musicus L. [B. 156. W. 1903, p. 551 ; 
1907, p. 83.] 
c£, March 1, March 6, S. coast, Caspian Sea. 
“ Song-Thrushes were common all the way along the coast, 
especially in the pomegranate jungles, where they were 
feeding upon a large snail which infested the bushes. We 
did not see any Song-Thrushes in the mountains.”—R.B.W. 
These examples are not quite so pale as those from Southern 
Persia. 
