134 
G. A. Grierson— Essays on Bihari Declension. [No. 2, 
so that we have ijfev; ‘ by a daughter,’ from #3^. With regard to the Pr, 
examples, the nominatives both end in short vowels in Maithili; ^ifJT, 
‘fire,’ makes and ‘ wind,’ makes «T3^, or - 
Finally the forms \in Maithili referred to above must be 
again noted here, as important, and pointing clearly to the derivation. 
The only remaining cognate form is the word used colloquially as 
the instrumental of the oblique form, of the neuter interrogative 
pronoun ‘what,’ (see Mth. Chr. Voc. s. v. ^Tt). 
As to the derivation of these forms, they may possibly come 
from the Skr. instrumental in *r, which exists in bases in the form 
^ (.fsYT*T). The forms which most plainly show their origin are the 
pronominal ones, and ip. It must be noted that these are not 
formed from the oblique bases of their respective pronouns, which are 
( or ), ( or and <rf*T ( or rTlf%) respectively 
(Mth. Gram. §§ 71, 76, 78), but stand completely apart from the 
declension of these pronouns as isolated forms. The nominatives of these 
pronouns are W, and #, so that in one of these cases at least it has not 
been formed by nasalizing that case. It is hence most rational to derive 
them through missing Prakrit forms from Sanskrit y«T (Yaidik), ‘by this,’ 
%*T, ‘ by which,’ and ^«T, ‘ by that.’ It must be noted also that while the 
proximate demonstrative in Maithili ‘ this,’ has an instrumental form 
the remote demonstrative ^*1, ‘that,’ has no such corresponding form, 
(see Mth. Gr. § 70, addenda). Similarly the Skr. proximate demonstrative 
pronominal base has no remote demonstrative form. Classical Skr. 
has instead of the simpler Yaidik instrumental form ‘ by this’ ; 
for an example of the latter, see K. V. I, 173, 9, **r, which the Vedartha 
Yatna translates 
As regards the form the termination may be referred to the 
Skr. instrumental termination ^JTT, (^rftpTT), Pr. (^fi3T^n), but the 
derivation of the stem is involved in much obscurity. 
Having thus shown that these pronominal forms and ^ are 
most probably connected with the Skr. instrumental, it remains to consider 
the nominal forms. With regard to ^ bases, the same reasoning applies, 
and ilT^ bears exactly the same relation to sfbz*T, that ^ does to y*r. With 
regard to feminine bases ending in ^r, the case is different. In it the Skr. 
instr. ends in ^*?T, from which I would derive the Prakrit termination 
The lengthening of the penult, in Pr. is probably due to the force of 
analogy, all the other cases in Sanskrit, except the vocative having a long 
penultimate. The termination ^ cannot of course be attributed to this 
* With regard to the shortening of the Antepenultimate, see Mth. Gr. § 5, addenda. 
I have written the words as they are pronounced, and not as they are usually written. 
