158 G. A. Grierson— Essays on Bih&ri Declension. [No. 2, 
(III, 32, &c.), and it is therefore only fair to assume that in the modern 
languages the change had become the rule. 
We are justified therefore in considering that the Gaudian verbal noun 
ending in \ or in a silent consonant, is derived from the Sanskrit feminine 
verbal noun in or ^ or or ). 
In conclusion I now give examples of the various forms (direct and 
oblique) of this verbal noun. 
(a) Direct form ending in 
3T ^ *rf%, % JTilr, “the bridegroom has not yet met 
the bride, and they are fighting about the wedding bracelet,” Prov. 
«r® w ^KT, “ the act even of seeing thee, my husband, 
did not take place,” i. e., “you were not even seen by me.” Vid. V, 5. 
This last is a good example of the formation of the passive voice from 
this form of the verbal noun. Observe that ffin in the last example must 
be a verbal noun. If it is attempted to construe it in the sense of the con¬ 
junctive participle, nonsense can only ensue. Observe also that it is still a 
verbal noun, and governs the accusative (ffrrT). 
( b ) . Direct form ending in a silent consonant. (H. Hindi) %T 
WIT fll’CT, “ he beat me a great beating,” Beames, C. G. II, 50. 
(c) . Oblique form ending in ^ or 
“ he began remembering the goddess Asavari,” 
Sal. 10. 
“ he went for the bringing of his brother 
Motiram,” i. e., “ he went to bring him.” Sal. 20. 
Bhojpuri, —‘ I went for plucking flowers,’ Gor. Sgs.. 1. 
<Tf ^>T , ‘ for doing what did you come,’ ib. 
Baiswari, —q?: ^*3^ ^n*TT, “ with ten thousand ears for 
hearing others’ faults.” jRdm. Bd. ch. 5, 9. 
{d & e). Oblique form in ^JT, and strong direct form in 
(H. H.) wft, “ a mutual beating.” 
(f). Oblique form in 
Marathi, *?t ffri 5 ! %TH , “ nowhere is there a horse of this 
kind.” Molesworth, s. v. ins - . 
We have already seen that the Bihari terminations f%, ff-, 5 ? and 5 ? 
were originally used as terminations of the genitive in Prakrit. We may 
hence expect to meet them also used as terminations of general oblique base 
in Bihari. This will be found to be the case. I have not noted any in¬ 
stances of Di being so used, but instances of the other three are common. 
The following examples are taken from Manbodh’s Haribans. 
f%,—wfe, £ next day all arose together,’ 4, 7. 
(fa*if% + ^) ^ifirfapslT, ‘the flame of fire was (one) of 
poison,’ 4, 21. 
