162 
A. F. Rudolf Iloernle— Note on the preceding Essay. [No. 2, 
Similarly —clTfff% “ so long-as ,” “ token-then,” are inflections 
of the pronominal bases cTTfr, which, with the same meaning, are met 
with, both in the Ap. Prak. and in Chand, e. g., 
5IT7T fiT3®S; I rTTiT ^ *prl4 SRJRli XR ^ 3*5^ 
II “ so long as the cracking blow of a lion’s paw does not 
fall on their broad forehead, that noise of the mad, furious ele¬ 
phants resounds,” H. C. IY, 406. 
f<T I ^3 tJT ^ ?IT*T II “ a lion roared 
on their left side, then Devi descended on the right (side),” 
Erithiraj Rdsau, XXXV, 22. 
Both this and the preceding set of pronominal bases correspond to the 
Sanskrit *JRfT, rJRT- 
Now this evidence shows that the Gaudian termination etc., can¬ 
not be identified with the Sanskrit instrumental termination x?;?r, but that it 
is to be traced back to the Apabhramsa Prakrit ending or 
There is another circumstance, making for the same conclusion, which 
is worth noting. There is good reason to believe that the Sanskrit 
termination y«r, whenever it was employed in the later vernaculars (which 
happened occasionally) was always felt to be a tatsama and preserved nearly 
intact. The^ vowel xj was, sometimes, shortened, but the final »r was not 
changed into a mere nasalisation of xj. In Chand the Sanskrit instrumental 
in ^*T occurs but very rarely, and always unchanged; thus, 
xgpc ST faff X? I SRYfa It “ In this battle 
success was missed through their cowardice; thereby you may 
know (that they behaved like) young women,” XXXIII, 30. 
In Bangali the forms hem “ so,” ^ Tcena “ why,” ^ cfT Tcen'na 
“ because,” 5hr jena “ as if” are still in use (see Shama Churn Sircar’s 
Bg. Gr., pp. 217, 218, 237, 238) ; here e is short, but na is intact. Perhaps 
the commoner Bangali forms jeman “ as,” teman “ so,” 
Jceman “ how” (ibid., p. 216) may be similarly explained as instrumentals 
of the Apabhramsa pronominal bases (above noticed), the old 
ending being shortened to ^«T, but again keeping the final »r intact. 
In Maithili, also, occur jena “ as,” fr^tT tend “ so,” (see Grierson’s 
Mth. Gr. Part I, p. 109, in Extra No. of J. A. S. B., 1880 ), : * where the 
final long ^jr is merely the Maithili way of indicating a short open d as 
distinct from % which latter is pronounced something like dw. 
There remains the question to what inflectional case the Apabhram¬ 
sa Prakrit terminations or belong. Now Hemachandra (IV, 
357) expressly ascribes the suffix to the locative sing, of masc. and neut. 
bases in a, and also (IV, 347) to the loc. plur. of all bases, whether ending 
in a or i or u. He further ascribes (IV, 341, 352) the suffix to the loc. 
sing, of all bases in i and u, and to fern, bases in a. We have therefore Hema- 
* Maithili ®T, ?Tarc, I think, contractions of the Ap. Pr, rff# (H. C. IV, 357). 
