1883.] 
J. H. Rivett-Carnac —Stone Implements. 
227 
Fig. 6, «, b of which outline and section are given is a mace-end, 
or ring stone of a type well known in Europe, and of which several speci¬ 
mens have already been discovered and described in India by Messrs. Ball 
and others. The specimen in question is of quartzite and measures 5'50" 
in diameter and 2’50" in thickness. The central hole is 230" in diameter. 
On either surface, towards the centre it narrows, in the manner shown in the 
section, and characteristic of the working of the implements of this descrip¬ 
tion found both in India and in Europe. 
Many examples of the type are to he found figured by Evans and 
others in their works on stone implements. Perfect specimens in some 
numbers have been found by Mr. Cockburn and myself, besides a large 
number of fragments. The perfect specimens are generally found under 
trees, deposited there together with celts, hut numerous fragments have 
been picked up at the base of hills, on the Kymore plateaux, or in ravines, 
together with fragments of celts and flint chips and other indications 
which usually mark the sites of ancient encampments. Large round pebbles 
with the drilling of the central hole, in a more or less imperfect state, 
have also been found in considerable numbers, indicating that the process 
was troublesome and lengthy. Some exhibit a deep cup-mark or depression 
on either side, others on one side only. They closely resemble the hammer 
stones found in Europe and America, and figured in the various works on 
the subject. In many of these cases, it seems doubtful whether it was 
intended to perforate the stone, which fitted conveniently enough into the 
hand as a hammer. 
Fig. 7 is a four-sided block of diorite IP' in length 2" in breadth and 
2" in thickness. At about 3" from the end it has been ground to a rough 
point. The implement bears all the appearance of having been used as a 
pick or hoe, and is well adapted for grubbing out roots or digging out 
holes. I was originally inclined to think that this instrument may have 
been a stone ploughshare, such as might well have been used in a rude 
state of culture. The fact of the point being unsymmetrical, and the right 
side exhibiting a greater amount of wear than the left, favours this idea. 
Plate XIX, fig. 8 is a long tapering well rounded piece of diorite, 
measuring 9 50" in length 2 - 60" in diameter at the base and 1" at the top. 
It bears from top to base the marks of the chipping by which it has been 
worked into its present state. The implement has all the appearance of 
having been used as a pestle for pounding grain or other substances. It 
may possibly have been used as a stone club, like those of the Merai of the 
New Zealanders, but is rather short for such a purpose. 
An ill-shaped rough polygonal block of tough sandstone measuring 
50" in length by 8" in breadth and 325" in thickness will he seen No. XVIII 
in the collection in Plate XX taken from a photograph. It has not been 
