1883.] J. Beames —Notes on the History of Orissa. 235 
and his followers any one of them who was slain in battle with the Hindus 
was entitled to be considered a martyr. Accordingly we find there must 
have been a battle at Garhpada, for there lies buried one of Kala Pahar’s 
officers with the title of Shahid or “ martyr.” His name was Hitam Khan, 
and a grant of rentfree land of 138 bighas is enjoyed by the Garhpada 
Bhuyans on condition of keeping up his shrine. At Bastah lies another, 
Shah Husayni Shahid, at Ramchandarpur south of Garhpadda is a third 
Muhammad Khan Shahid, and at Remnah a fourth Gulab Shah Shahid, 
from whom also the large bazar of Shahji Patna takes its name. We can 
thus trace Kala Pahar all through the district by the tombs of his slain 
Captains. He left a number of his turbulent followers in Orissa and re¬ 
turned to Bengal where he was killed in battle. A great number of these 
lawless adventurers settled at Kasba, a suburb of Balasore, and at Bha- 
drakli and Dhamnagar, where their descendants are still to be found. 
In 1574 Daud Khan, the king of Bengal, being driven out of that 
province by the forces of the Emperor Akbar under Munim Khan, fled to 
Orissa and remained hovering backwards and forwards between Cuttack 
and Jellasore for some time. At last Munim Khan with a large force, 
accompanied by the celebrated Raja Todar Mai marched down through 
Midnapore on him. The armies met on the north bank of the Subanrekha 
near the village of Tukaroi and the battle took place on the 3rd March 
1575.* Munim Khan was victorious and Baud fled to Bhadrakh. The place 
where the battle was fought is well known to the villagers and is still 
called Mughalmarx (the Mughal’s slaughter). It runs westward for some 
six miles from the present Jellasore dak bungalow towards the river. 
Todar Mai pursued Daud to Bhadrakh, but Daud did not wait to be caught. 
He fled to Cuttack and got into the fort there and garrisoned it strongly. 
The Imperial forces, however, attacked and took it, and Daud then sub¬ 
mitted to the Emperor. Munim Ivhan returned to Bengal, where he and 
many of his officers died of fever said to have been contracted in Orissa, 
but more probably due to their own imprudence in taking up their resi¬ 
dence in the pestilential jungles of Gaur. 
After the submission of Daud he was left in possession of central 
Orissa as far north as the Baitarani, but the territory now comprised in 
the Balasore district was annexed to the Subah of Bengal,f and two Thana- 
* See Blochmann, Ain, Yol. I, p. 375. 
f In the Am Akbari it is indeed asserted that the whole of Orissa was on this 
occasion subjugated and added to the Subah of Bengal. It is described as divided into 
Sirkars like other Subahs. Sirkar Jalesar (Jellasore) includes the greater part of the 
present district of Midnapore. The other Sirkars are Bhadrak, Katak (Cuttack), 
Kalinga Dandpat, and Raj Mahindrah (Rajamundry), but no details are given of the 
two last, and it is well known that they were not subject to the Empire. (Ain Akbari 
by Blochmann, Persian text, Yol. II, p. 209). 
