236 
J. Beames —Notes on the History of Orissa. 
[No. 3, 
dars were appointed, one at Jellasore, the other at Bhadrakh. Balasore itself 
was not a place of importance in those days. After the death of Munim 
Ivhan the reins of authority became relaxed, and Baud came up into Bala¬ 
sore and marched into Bengal. The Afghans of Orissa were for many 
years in a characteristically Afghan state of riot and quarrelling, and 
Balasore, lying as it does between Cuttack and the Bengal frontier, was 
often the battle-field between the rulers of the two provinces. None of 
the battles were, however, very decisive, nor are there any traces of the 
battle-fields still remaining, though many villages and market places with 
Musalman names in various parts of the district testify to the settlement 
of Afghan and Mughal invaders. 
In 1582 Ivutlu Ivhan, the Afghan leader, who since Daud’s death 
had been the virtual ruler of Orissa, marched through Balasore against the 
Subahdar of Bengal, and advanced as far as Burdwan, where in 1583 he 
was defeated by Sadik Khan. At that time the sway of the Afghans of 
Orissa extended with a few exceptions as far as the Kupnarayan river, but 
after this victory they were beaten back, and retreated to Cuttack, leaving 
Balasore as far as the Baitarani river for a time unmolested. 
Ivutlu Ivhan died in 1590, and his sons being minors sued for 
peace and agreed to surrender the temple of Jaganath and the sacred 
domain or “ khetra” to the Emperor. The Governor of Bengal at this 
time was Kaja Man Singh, who as a Hindu was highly pleased at rescuing 
the holy city from the hands of the infidels who had long exercised a cruel 
and tyrannous sway over the priests. 
Two years later, however, the treacherous Afghans again seized 
Jaganath and this roused Man Singh’s wrath, and in a great battle fought 
in 1592 on the northern bank of the Subanreklia, probably on the same 
site as Munim Khan’s victory at Tukaroi or Mugbalmari, he utterly crush¬ 
ed the Afghans and took possession once more of Orissa. The rebels were 
turned out of Jellasore and fled to Cuttack where they shut themselves up 
in the strong fort of Sarang Garh, three miles south of the city. Man Singh 
soon after besieged and took Sarang Garh, and received the submission of 
the Afghans. 
Sultan Khusrau, grandson of Akbar and son of Jahangir was named 
Viceroy of Orissa, but he never visited the province, his appointment being 
probably merely honorary. 
Man Singh having gone to Agra to pay his respects to the Em¬ 
peror, the Afghans under ’Usman Khan again rose in 1598 and collected a 
large force at Bhadrakh, where they defeated the Imperial troops under 
Maha Singh, occupied a great portion of western Bengal, and again obtained 
possession of Balasore as far as the Subanrekha. Man Singh, however, 
again returned and defeated ’Usman at Sherpur ’Atai north of Burdwan. 
