259 
1883.] A. Cunningham —Relics from Ancient Persia in Gold. 
robe, and has his bow and quiver attached to his left shoulder behind. 
From the quiver depend three cords, each finished with a tassel at the end, 
exactly the same as is seen in the figure of the Persian soldiers at Perse- 
polis. See Fig. E of the Plate from a sculpture. 
The smaller scene represents the same subject, but there is only one 
prostrate enemy, and the Persian soldier who is putting the prisoner to 
death has no assistant. In this scene the prisoner does not kneel but 
simply bends forward, while the spear is being thrust into him from above. 
Here also the symbol of Ormazd is placed over the doomed man. For 
comparison I have given in the Plate two of these symbols of Ormazd 
from sculptures at Persepolis. 
I have also given a copy of a stone cylinder as an illustration of the 
art of seal engraving in Persia. See Fig. D. of Plate XXI. The subject 
is similar to that of the gold cylinder; but the style of workmanship is 
very much inferior. My chief object, however, in giving it a place in the 
Plate is to draw attention to the two enemies on the right, who are known 
to be Scythians from their trowsers and peaked head dresses. One of them 
has already been captured by the Persian soldier who, while he holds him 
by the peak of his cap with the left hand, is stabbing him with his right 
hand. Herodotus, YII—64, describes the Sacse or Scythians in the army of 
Xerxes as wearing trowsers and tall stiff caps rising to a point. Over the 
captive there is a symbol of Ormazd exactly the same as is seen on the o'old 
cylinder. 
Now just as these two figures are known to be Scythians by their 
dress, so the two captives as well as the three slain figures on the gold 
cylinder may be recognized as Indians by their dress. This dress I take 
to be the well-known Indian dhoti, which is gathered round the waist, and 
covers the thighs down to the knees. The legs are covered with buskins, 
such as are still worn by the people of North-Western India and the 
Panjab as well as by the bordering Afghans. As it was with these peoples 
that the Persians came into contact, the Indians would of course be 
represented as dressed in dhotis and buskins. 
If this identification of the dress be correct, then the gold cylinder 
must be as old as the time of Darius Hystaspes, who was the only Persian 
king who had been engaged in war with the Indians. 
The cylinder is 13 inch in height, and 0*54 inch in diameter. It is 
very thick and heavy, its weight being 1,520 grains, and its intrinsic value 
175 Rupees. It is given full size in the Plate. 
The second gold object is a circular disc four inches and three quarters 
in diameter, 1,500 grains in weight, and 175 Rupees in intrinsic value. 
See Fig. F, of Plate XXI. It has a border one quarter inch in diameter, 
ornamented with the conventional Greek representation of water. In the 
