50 
prepared a much more elaborate scheme of classification under the title 
of Systema Glossatorum, but it is doubtful whether this was ever 
published, and our knowledge of its contents is derived from the 
abstract of it which appeared in Illiger’s Magazine in 1807, and of 
which there is a translation in The Philosophical Magazine for February, 
1830. In it Fabricius created forty-one genera, but did not group them 
into families. A great many of the generic names which are in use to-day 
had their origin in this work. Such are Apatura, Limenitis, Cynthia, 
Vanessa, Hipparchia, Argynnis, Pontia, Colias, Melitcea, Lyccena, Thecla, 
Tliymele and Pamphila. The Blues and Coppers were united in the 
genus Lyccena, but the Hair-streaks were placed in the distinct genus 
Thecla. The Skippers were divided into three genera, Thymele con¬ 
taining tages , and Pamphila the remainder of our indigenous species. 
Hesperia was now used as the name of a genus the only British species 
in which is hcetica. Meanwhile Schrank, a Bavarian clergyman, had 
been moving independently in the same direction. In his Fauna Boica, 
published in 1801, he adopted the arrangement and groups of the 
Vienna Catalogue, but gathered the latter into five named genera, with 
sub-genera indicated by letters. The Skippers he called Erynnis; the 
Papilionids Pieris ; the Satyrs (with iris'), Maniola; the Nymphs, 
Papilio; and the Lycaenids, Cupido. 
Latreille, whose influence upon classification has been very great, 
next demands our attention, and it is well to bear in mind his intimate 
relations with Fabricius. In 1805, he applied to the butterflies as a 
whole the name of Diurna and divided them into eight genera, placing the 
Nymphalids first under the name Nymphalis. His next genus does not 
concern us ; then followed Danaida ( plexippus ) ; Papilio, which he Avas 
the first to restrict to the SwalloAv-tails ; Parnassius ( apollo ) ; Pieris 
(Whites and Yellows); Polyommatus (Lycsenids) and Hesperia (all the 
Skippers). Four years later, still maintaining the same arrangement, 
he constituted two families which he named Papilionides and Hesperides, 
the latter limited to the Skippers. He also ga\^e elaborate indications 
for the breaking up of his larger genera and introduced some of the 
Fabrician names, and in addition substituted Danaus, which, in the 
Encyclopedia Methodique, (1819), \cas altered to Danais, for Danaida. 
In the next year (1810), in his Considerations Generates, he completely 
altered the arrangement and placed the Papilionids first, folloAved by 
Danaus, the Nymphalids and the Lycasnids, the Skippers remaining at 
the end; to this arrangement he adhered in his later works. In this 
work Satyrus appears for the first time as the generic name of the 
Satyrs. In 1815, in the ninth volume of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, 
we reach the next British contribution. This Avas the Avork of Dr. 
Leach, avIio ultimately became Assistant Keeper of the Natural History 
Department of the British Museum. Leach adopted Latreille’s second 
plan as his model, but in Samouelle’s Useful Compendium, published four 
years later, the names of the two main groups are changed, on his 
authority, into the form to Avhich Ave are noAv accustomed as the design¬ 
ation of families Papilionidce and Hesperidce. Papilionidce he further 
divided into Papilionida and Lyccenida. In his use of generic names he 
folloAved Fabricius rather than Latreille, but he was the first, after 
Harris, to place rhamni in a distinct genus, for which he established the 
name Gonepteryx. 
The year 1816 was memorable in the history of classification, having 
