33 
of the work was undertaken by his friend Frederick Treitschke, busi¬ 
ness manager of the Court Theatre at Vienna. His first volume 
was published in 1§25, but the work was not finished till 1835, the 
last volume consisting chiefly of supplementary notes to the earlier 
volumes, but containing also a systematic catalogue of the whole European 
lepidoptera. In Augsburg, between 1828 and 1858, Freyer published a 
series of coloured plates, with accompanying letterpress, of a good many 
lepidoptera. In Katisbon, Dr. Herrich-Schaffer, a keen practical col¬ 
lector, occupied what time he could spare from a busy medical practice in 
preparing a work on the same lines as that of Hiibner, to which it is a 
sort of supplement. This is in six volumes, and contains 672 coloured 
plates, many of them by Geyer, which are worthy of a place by the side 
of those of Hiibner, and deal very largely with varieties. The work was 
published in parts, the first of which appeared in 1843, the last in 1856. 
So far as trivial nomenclature is concerned, the later German authors, 
whom we have now passed in review, fall into line with their French 
contemporaries, taking Hiibner as their guide, and at this time nomen¬ 
clature was in a fairly settled condition. Now, however, in the land of 
Luther appeared the nomenclature reformer in the person of Dr. Otto 
Staudinger of Dresden, who seems to have been the first to make the 
attempt resolutely to apply the “ law of priority.” Dr. Staudinger is a 
thoroughly practical entomologist, and has made himself personally 
acquainted with the fauna of widely separated countries. In 1861 he 
published, in connection with Dr. Wocke, a physician of Wratislaw, a 
catalogue of European lepidoptera, which obtained a very favourable re¬ 
ception. Mr. Stainton strongly commends it in the Intelligencer . Mr. 
Kirby follows it in 1862, and even a French entomologist adopts its 
nomenclature so early as 1868. In 1871, a second edition was produced, 
and it was upon this that Mr. South founded liis Entomologist Synony¬ 
mic List. This second edition is much more elaborate than the first, 
and contains a list of synonymic references, which is about as complete 
as possible, and which is only rivalled by Godart’s list of butterflies 
in the Encyclopedia Methodique, and by Stephens’ and Kirby’s 
works to which I shall allude later on. In the preface, Staudinger 
formulates the principles by which alone, in his judgment, nomenclature 
can be established on a settled basis; these are in the main those set 
forth by the British Association in 1842. There is a great deal of 
difference between the 1861 names and those of 1871; this is chiefly due 
to the fact that in the earlier edition Staudinger still considered the 
Vienna Catalogue entitled to rank for priority, while in the later edition 
he to a large extent throws it overboard. Staudinger’s nomenclature, 
as set forth in this 1871 Catalogue, has been very generally adopted 
everywhere, except in this country, and even British authors like Lang, 
Kirby and Kane, when they are dealing with the lepidoptera of Europe, 
abide by it. 
Coming back once more to our own country we find as im¬ 
mediate successors, and in part contemporaries, of Adrian Haworth 
two men who were vehement rivals—John Curtis and James Francis 
Stephens. Curtis was educated for the law, but at an early period of his 
life turned aside to entomology, to which he entirely devoted his 
energies. He became a skilful draughtsman and engraver, and fur¬ 
nished the illustrations for several works besides liis own. During the 
latter part of his life he lived in Islington. In 1824 he began the 
E 
