9 
somewhat the Chingford Wood, but have more beeches, and which 
extend to Epping Town, two miles beyond the Wake Arms; Ambers- 
bury Banks, near the Epping Road, stand at 381 ft., and the end of 
the Thicks at 369 ft. Epping Lower Forest lies to the north of the 
town, and much resembles the first section (Chingford). It will be 
seen, from the figures quoted, that there is a general rise of the 
country between Chingford and Epping. 
As to the geology of the Forest, there is not much to be said. 
The formation is tertiary, consisting of London clay, capped in places 
with gravel, sand, and brick-earth. 
With regard to localities sugared. We sugared in 1890 in only one 
spot, last year in two. Both of these belong to the Chingford section, 
and large trees just outside the woods were sugared. 
Now as to collecting generally. The first moth to appear is H . 
rupicapraria , at light, and flying at dusk. In February and March, 
searching the tree trunks seems to be the best mode of working. 
Hybernia leucophoearia and Phigalia pilosaria ( pedaria ) are both 
common in the Chingford section. On the 7th March, 1891, a 
single specimen of JVyssia hispidaria was taken on an oak trunk in 
the same section. It sat in a crevice of the bark, nine or ten feet 
from the ground, and one Amphidasys prodromaria (stratarici ) was 
found on the 29th of the same month in the Wake Arms section, 
also on an oak trunk. In March, Hybernia marginaria and Ani- 
sopteryx cescularia appear at light commonly. Last year the former 
continued on the wing from the end of February until the first week 
in May. Sallowing opens usually about the beginning of April. In 
Monks wood, Tamiocampa stabilis , gothica , cruda {pulverulent a), insta bills 
(;incerta ), and hybernated Scopelosojna satellitia , Orrhodia vaccinii are 
common, while T. munda and gracilis and Pachnobia rubricosa are 
occasionally met with; rubricosa , however, was plentiful in 1890 on 
sallow bushes, near Chingford. A pair of O. vaccinii, , in copula , fell 
into the sheet one night in April last. Our best sallowing night last 
year was the 15th April. After a very fine day the sky clouded over 
slightly. The wind was N.W., light, and the moon about half full. 
The moths continued coming on till about one o’clock, and then 
seemed to stop suddenly. About the middle of the month Larentia 
multistrigaria is common at dusk, flying over the heather in Monks- 
wood and Selenia illunaria {bilunaria) throughout the Forest. After 
the sallows are over, the sloe bushes begin to blossom. Flying to 
this attraction in the Chingford Wood, Eupithecia pumilata , Cidaria 
suffumata , and Anticlea badiata are plentiful, and about a dozen and 
a half A. 7iigropasciaria were netted in 1890, but none in 1891. In 
the glades Cilix glaucata (, spinula ) and Hemerophila abruplaria are to 
be found. Tree trunks during the month are not usually productive 
of much more than an occasional Xylina lithoriza {areola). In May 
the larvae of Geomelra papilionaria are to be taken on the birches 
in the Monkswood and Wake Arms sections. The best way to find 
them is to search the branches of the smaller birches, as recom¬ 
mended in the Ent. Record, , i., p. 23. They are rather difficult to see, 
as they greatly resemble the birch catkins. They rest stretched out 
stiffly, generally at the end of the twig. Among the butterflies 
Lyccena argiolus may be taken rather plentifully, on sunny days in 
Monkswood and Epping Thicks, while A. euphrosyne , Euchloe car- 
c 
