26 
A VOYAGE TO SPITZBERGEN. 
pack for thirty miles, the highest latitude reached 
being 80° 34' N. In 1823, Sabine and Clavering went 
to Spitzbergen, and along the coast of Greenland, from 
the Bay of Gaal Hanke, which Scoresby had seen, to 
Pendulum Island and beyond, as far as 75° 12' N., 
from which point land could be followed as far as 
about 76°. It was on Spitzbergen and Pendulum 
Island that Sir E. Sabine conducted his well-known 
pendulum experiments. In 1821 Admiral Lutke sur¬ 
veyed the coast of Nova Zembla as far as 75° 45' N., 
and, in 1822, as far as Cape Nassau, in 76° 35'N., but 
he could not double the Cape owing to the ice. In 
1824 he examined the edge of the Polar pack, from 
Nova Zembla to 43° 49' E., and found it to be con¬ 
tinuous in about 76° N. In 1827 Sir E. Parry sailed 
in the Hecla past Hakluyt Headland, and as far as 
81° 5' N., without seeing any appearance of the pack 
to the north ; the date being June 14. The ship was 
anchored in Hecla Cove, 79° 55' N. A journey was 
then attempted in boats which were specially adapted 
to act also as sledges. The northern boundary of 
floating ice was reached in 81° 12' 51" N., on June 23. 
The travelling was exceedingly difficult, as the ice was 
very loose and rotten. On July 11 firmer ice was 
reached. On July 20 the ice was still floe ice, such 
as a steamer could get through. On July 23 the 
