30 
A VOYAGE TO SPITZBERGEN. 
and Tromso was reached on October 4. In September, 
1871, Captain Carlsen revisited Barents House in 
Ice Haven, followed the east coast of Nova Zembla, 
and by passing through the Vaigatz Strait he circum¬ 
navigated that island. In 1871 Captain Mack sailed 
from Tromso as far as 82° 30' E. Captain Johannesen 
sailed about the Sea of Kara as late as October with¬ 
out seeing ice. Several other captains made voyages 
in the seas near Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla, during 
which they met with little or no ice from early in 
June to late in October. In 1872 another Swedish 
expedition was sent to Spitzbergen. According to 
the programme, it is proposed to explore the eastern 
Spitzbergen Sea, and to map the whole of the eastern 
lands ; to make a continuous series of meteorological 
and magnetical observations; and to carry out re¬ 
searches on the pendulum, as also in botany, geology, 
zoology, and other natural sciences. It is also in¬ 
tended to make another attempt to reach the Pole by 
means of reindeer and sledges. In the summer of 
1872 Captain Altmann found the sea east of Spitz¬ 
bergen free from ice, and saw eight islands occupying 
the position assigned by Petermann to King Charles’s 
Land. The south end of the westernmost island is in 
78° 43' N. and 28° 5' E., and the most easterly is in 
79° 3' N. and 32° 17" E. He sailed between'the 
