COMMENCEMENT OF WINTER. 
289 
length, by a continuance of fresh pressure of the ice, 
she was set upright, and mounted on a bank of ice, 
as if purposely done with screws and other machines.” 
On the 31st the ice came in greater quantities, large 
bodies being forced by currents one over the other. 
The stem of the vessel was lifted five feet higher, than 
the stern, and the rudder was broken. On the 
5th of September, “ after supper,” the pressure of 
more ice threw the vessel entirely on one side, 
and she opened in different places. No prospect 
remained but of wintering on the spot, and they 
immediately turned their attention to building a 
house or hut, which should protect them from 
the cold, and from wild beasts, or rather from the 
bears, which were the only animals from whom 
they expected attack. On the sea-shore, but at a con¬ 
siderable distance from where the ship lay, was found 
a quantity of wood, some of it whole trees with 
their roots, which it was supposed had floated 
there from the continent, as no appearance of wood 
growing had been seen in the northern part of 
Nova Zembla. They constructed sleds for removing 
the timber, and on the 16th made a beginning, 
by transporting four large logs above a league 
over the ice or snow, to the place chosen near 
the vessel for erecting their hut. On the 23rd 
