33 
me, yet when my attention was directed to it, I at once recollected that 
my chief locality for unidentaria is a marshy one, while on the Downs 
I get ferrugaria almost exclusively. Mr. Harrison of Barnsley informs 
me that, while both occur together in the Doncaster district on wooded 
and low-lying limestone ground, on the “ cold northern moorland about 
ten miles away, with scarcely anything but fir trees,” ferrugata occurs 
alone and plentifully. Similarly, Mr. Porritt takes ferrugata chiefly on 
“ the moorlands on the high hill sides,” especially in fir woods. German 
authors state that “ferrugata unidentaria ) is common everywhere in 
gardens, woods, etc.,” while spadicearia (—ferrugaria, Haw.) occurs 
“ only in woods,” or only in hilly districts. It seems to reach an 
elevation of 6,000 to 6,600 feet, in different localities. 
Dr. Riding remarks that ferrugata (as we know it here) is more 
frequently disturbed by the beading-stick than unidentaria, but that 
unidentaria comes the more frequently to light; also that the latter con¬ 
tinues later into the autumn. 
Zeller has recorded a frequent, though not constant, difference in 
the resting posture of the two: spadicearia most frequently resting on 
the ground with wings erected like a butterfly, ferrugata (our uniden¬ 
taria) generally with them spread out flat. 
Early Stages. —Mr. Fenn, whose experience in describing larvge, 
&c. is too well known to require comment, has most kindly given me 
permission to utilize his careful descriptions, made in 1875, which I 
present exactly as he gave them to me :— 
Ferrugaria (English Form). —Description made 16th June, 1875, 
Eltham, Kent:— 
Larva.— ^Elongate, slightly attenuated anteriorly: head rounded, 
face shining. Yellowish brown, dull ochreous brown or greenish grey, 
mottled and shaded with dark grey on the middle segments. A series of 
large pale dorsal diamonds, each containing a conspicuous black spot 
from 5th to 10th segments; on the remaining segments a dark grey dorsal 
line. The anterior sides of each of these diamonds most strongly defined. 
Subdorsal line waved, distinct, paler than the ground colour, and a 
waved thread between it and the spiracles. Belly and sides below the 
spiracles prominently pale reddish ochreous. Spiracular line dark 
brown, sometimes absent. Usual spots whitish, spiracles black. A 
paler ventral band, margined on each side with a grey band, between 
which and the spiracles is a row of black spots or dots. Head dull 
whitish, the outside of each lobe black, and two grey bars down the face. 
Pupa. —Highly polished, moderately stout. Anal extremity with a 
short strong spike. Bright red brown, wing cases and dorsal shade 
darker brown. 
Unidentaria (English Form). —Description 25th September, 1875, 
Eltham, Kent:— 
Larva. —Elongate, slightly attenuated anteriorly; head rounded, 
face shining. Dark blackish brown on the back and sides ; the last four 
segments paler, often whitish. An orange or reddish ochreous dorsal 
triangle outlined with black, and often filled up with dark brown on 
each segment from the 5th to the 9th (or 10th), the apex in front, and 
enclosing a conspicuous black spot. On the other segments a blackish 
ill-defined and interrupted dorsal band. Subdorsal line pale ochreous, 
broad from the 10th to the 13th segments., threadlike on the remainder. 
F 
